When I was a Christian I attended Anglican churches and later a Catholic one; little difference as both have Masses, but I'd be lost in another Protestant Church.
OOhh. From Catholic, the difference is huge.
Eucharist-symbolism. It's not bread/wine but sometimes grapejuice (for those who can't drink wine) and crackers or similar or water (JW so told). They call it communion but they don't die/resurrect as a mass. They don't believe they are Actually siting at jesus' table and communion isn't considered as such in many protestant churches.
Priests-pastors aren't in the role of Christ and line of his apostles. They are more guides and in some churches they listen to problems members have (I did once but the pastor told me since I'm gay, he couldn't really help me. First and last time I went). They have christian counseling but not similar with confession.
On that note.
Confession-they call it repentance and only done to god/jesus. In some churches (rather than Churches) I've heard that people confess to the whole church.
Marriage-between male and female but not a sacrament
Conviction-private conviction first instead of when new catholics say at the end of RCIA they want to be part of the church (can't remember the wording)
Holy orders-they have but aren't considered sacraments. Religious counseling or at hospital chaplains
Worship-All protestant churches I've gone to stray away from individual worship within the church. In other words, you may rarely see a christian stay in the church to pray (no cross, statues, Eucharist, and light when jesus is present). No bowing or kneeling unless at altar calls and things like that
Charity-From experience, some are reserved for the members of the church first, as one church told me when I needed financial assistance. Catholics don't have that unless its sacramental.
Respect for the priests-Aside from horrible priest stereotype that all priests are molesters, many put near as much faith in the priest as christ. Protestant churches direct their trust to christ and the bible. Catholics priests and tradition
Statutes/roseries-Catholics are tools of veneration. "Some" protestants they are either absent or used as commentary to the bible but not equal to it.
Christ-Catholics view of christ is one body/Mass and communion. Some protests view of christ is individual relationship and literal bible (word of god is the words in the book not the sacraments primarily). In my humble opinion, i believe catholics have a better tie with christ than many protestants (to generalize)
There are others, but those are the main ones I can think of.