Atheism, as a philosophical view, is the position that either affirms the
nonexistence of
gods[1] or rejects
theism.
[2] When defined more broadly, atheism is the absence of belief in deities,
[3] alternatively called
nontheism.
[4] Although atheism is often equated with
irreligion, some
religious philosophies, such as
secular theology and some varieties of
Buddhism such as
Theravada, either do not include belief in a
personal god as a tenet of the religion, or actively teach nontheism.
Many
self-described atheists are
skeptical of all
supernatural beings and cite a lack of
empirical evidence for the existence of deities. Others argue for atheism on philosophical, social or historical grounds. Although many self-described atheists tend toward
secular philosophies such as
humanism[5] and
naturalism,
[6] there is no one ideology or set of behaviors to which all atheists adhere.
[7]
The term
atheism originated as a
pejorative epithet applied to any person or belief in conflict with established religion.
[8] With the spread of
freethought,
scientific skepticism, and
criticism of religion, the term began to gather a more specific meaning and has been increasingly used as a self-description by atheists.