Thanks for the critisizm.
How do they date sea fossils?
With the age of the rock.
How do they date the rock?
With the index fossils in the rock.
How do they date the index fossils? with the rock, with the fossil, with the rock with.....
It is not quite that simple unfortunately. If an ocean deposits for example one layer of sediment per year, one can count back through the layers of sediment to determine how many years ago a fossil was trapped in the sediment. Once a suitable age range for the fossils is determined, in other areas where the sediment has become exposed due to techtonic movement, erosion etc one can then find a layer of fossils that went extinct in a certain time period to determine that that layer of rock is most probably of a certain age. Then there are absolute methods of dating such as radioactive dating of substances within the fossil or rock which can give a suitable age range according to my understanding such as;
Name of Method Age Range of Application Material Dated Methodology
Radiocarbon 1 - 70,000 years Organic material such as bones, wood, charcoal, shells Radioactive decay of 14C in organic matter after removal from bioshpere
K-Ar dating 1,000 - billion of years Potassium-bearing minerals and glasses Radioactive decay of 40K in rocks and minerals
Uranium-Lead 10,000 - billion of years Uranium-bearing minerals Radioactive decay of uranium to lead via two separate decay chains
Uranium series 1,000 - 500,000 years Uranium-bearing minerals, corals, shells, teeth, CaCO3 Radioactive decay of 234U to 230Th
Fission track 1,000 - billion of years Uranium-bearing minerals and glasses Measurement of damage tracks in glass and minerals from the radioactive decay of 238U
Luminescence (optically or thermally stimulated)
1,000 - 1,000,000 years Quartz, feldspar, stone tools, pottery Burial or heating age based on the accumulation of radiation-induced damage to electron sitting in mineral lattices
Electron Spin Resonance (ESR)
1,000 - 3,000,000 years Uranium-bearing materials in which uranium has been Burial age based on abundance of radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in
absorbed from outside sources mineral lattices
Cosmogenic Nuclides 1,000 - 5,000,000 years Typically quartz or olivine from volcanic or sedimentary rocks Radioactive decay of cosmic-ray generated nuclides in surficial environments
Magnetostratigraphy 20,000 - billion of years Sedimentary and volcanic rocks Measurement of ancient polarity of the earth's magnetic field recorded in a stratigraphic succession
Tephrochronology 100 - billions of years Volcanic ejecta Uses chemistry and age of volcanic deposits to establish links between distant stratigraphic successions
If the above table doesn't turn out correctly on your screen refer to Table 1 at
Dating Rocks and Fossils Using Geologic Methods | Learn Science at Scitable
On Walt Brown my reply is that I refered to his theory, which may or may not be correct. It still remains a theory.
One that fits in with the Nebular theory much better than the Hadean theory. As a matter of fact, the hadean theory was proven incorrect with the evidence of Silver ions and Zircon crystals that proved the earth was very wet in its conception.
I don't know why you feel their couldn't have been water during the Hadean period, this seems well explained
Hadean - Wikipedia
The Bible say...the spirit hovered above the waters.
Anyhow, I opened another thread where I will discuss the relation between what the Bible say, and what science say.
Thanks for keeping me on my toes.
Your welcome, although I would suggest focusing on one claim at a time, rather than just constantly introducing new claims. After all, if even one of the claims of the Bible can be proven to be unscientific it logically follows that it was not written by an omniscient being. So no need to scatter your thoughts everywhere, just focus on one thing at a time until it comes to it's point of complete resolution.