Name: Abhaya
Religion: Buddhism
1. What beliefs and values in your religion make it attractive and meaningful to you?
The core beliefs of Buddhism are the Four Noble Truths (1. the existence of suffering, 2. the cause of suffering = craving, 3. the cessation of suffering = the end of craving, 4. the path to liberation from suffering = the Eightfold Path) and the Eightfold Path (1. noble view, 2. noble intention, 3. noble speech, 4. noble action, 5. noble livelihood, 6. noble effort, 7. noble mindfulness, 8. noble concentration). These foundations provide an outline of the symptom, diagnosis, prognosis, and cure for our condition, followed by a roadmap for how to practice the path to freedom. Buddhist values include abstaining from causing harm, practicing upright conduct, and purifying the mind. What makes Buddhism meaningful is how it encourages the cultivation of perfect wisdom, ethical virtue, and meditative concentration.
2. What are some key practices, rituals and festivals in your religion?
Uposatha (Lunar) Observance: During each phase of the moon, devout Buddhist practitioners adopt the eight precepts (1. to refrain from killing, 2. to refrain from stealing, 3. to refrain from sexual conduct, 4. to refrain from lying, 5. to refrain from intoxicants, 6. to refrain from eating after mid-day, 7. to refrain from singing, dancing, media entertainment, cosmetic beautification, and other distractions, 8. to refrain from using a luxurious bed) to help settle the mind into deeper states of calm and concentration.
Vesak: During the full moon of the fifth/sixth month of the lunar calendar (usually April or May but sometimes June), Buddhists observe this annual commemoration of the Buddha's birth, enlightenment, and death. Ceremonies include gathering at temples for chanting and other rituals. Serious practitioners recommit to the ethical guidelines laid forth by the precepts and meditate.
Rohatsu: This is the observance of the Buddha's enlightenment on the eighth day of the twelth month (December 8th) in the Zen tradition. Typically this involves extended "sesshin" - an intensive meditation retreat. Mindful awareness is brought to all aspects of life, whether work, cooking, eating, sitting meditation, walking meditation, or various other activities. Tea ceremonies and meal ceremonies are common during Rohatsu.
3. What are the important symbols in your religion (if any)?
Among the most prevalent symbols in Buddhism is the lotus flower. In fact, lotus imagery is found in all Buddhist traditions. The lotus symbolizes the capacity to transcend the impurities of the world. With roots firmly planted in mud, the flower floats calmly atop the surface of the pond. Rising above murky waters, it unfurls its petals. The lotus is symbolic of the Buddha's awakening, as shown by the following scriptural quotes:
"As the flower of a lotus, arisen in water, blossoms, pure-scented and pleasing the mind, yet is not drenched by the water, in the same way, born in the world, the Buddha abides in the world; And like the lotus by water, he does not get drenched by the world." (Udayin Thera, Theragatha 15.2)
"Like a blue lotus, rising up, unsmeared by water, unsmeared am I by the world, and so, brahman, I'm awake." (Dona Sutta, Anguttara Nikaya 4.36)
"As the prickly lotus is unsmeared by water & mud, so the sage, an exponent of peace, without greed, is unsmeared by sensuality & the world." (Magandiya Sutta, Sutta Nipata 4.9)
"Just as a red, blue, or white lotus born in the water and growing in the water, rises up above the water and stands with no water adhering to it, in the same way the Tathagata — freed, dissociated, & released from these ten things — dwells with unrestricted awareness." (Bahuna Sutta, Anguttara Nikaya 10.81)
4. What must a person do to be officially recognized as a follower of your religion?
Generally, taking refuge in the Buddha (the capacity for awakening), the Dharma (the teachings reflecting the Way), and the Sangha (the community of dedicated practitioners) is the official requirement for being recognized as a Buddhist. Arguably, making an effort to maintain the five precepts (1. to refrain from killing, 2. to refrain from stealing, 3. to refrain from sexual misconduct, 4. to refrain from lying, 5. to refrain from intoxicants) is also necessary. Recognizing the three traits (not-self, impermanence, dissatisfaction) that characterize all worldly existence is another distinguishing factor.
5. What is the role of this religion in your social life?
I tend to associate more with others who take an interest in contemplative practice. Unlike most people, I have never had an interest in sensory indulgences. Instead, I prefer socializing with people who think deeply about meaningful subject matter - beyond small-talk, superficialities, and idle chatter.
6. What does your religion believe happens to a person after death in this world?
Rebirth. The Buddha did not support the existence of a permanent self that persists from life to life, like a soul. He discouraged needless speculation on the matter, deeming it unnecessary to the cessation of suffering. In place of reincarnation, which implies an eternal identity that returns after death to inhabit a new body, the Buddha used the term "punabbhava," which translates literally to re-becoming. Rebirth as the recycling of the impersonal aggregates that make up the psychophysical being. The result is that the new life is neither the same nor different from the previous life.
7. Where does the universe come from, how was it created, and for what purpose?
The Buddha called this needless metaphysical speculation detached from the goal of the holy life. Such speculations are inessential and often lead to more questions than answers. They distract the Buddhist practitioner from the path of liberation.
8. Do women have a different role than men in this religion?
Women and men are equally capable of spiritual progress and enlightenment in Buddhism. Various traditionally Buddhist cultures may have negative views of women, but there is nothing inherent in gender that makes one superior and the other inferior.
"What difference does being a woman make when the mind's well-centered, when knowledge is progressing, seeing clearly, rightly, into the Dhamma. Anyone who thinks 'I'm a woman' or 'a man' or 'Am I anything at all?' — that's who Mara's fit to address." (Soma Sutta, Samyutta Nikaya 5.2)
Best wishes.