Yes. This isn't really a judicial process, though. The problem comes from trying to treat it like one. You don't actually have a natural right to be a student, even at a state school; a person can be suspended or otherwise disciplined without it becoming a legal matter. I agree that the school acted poorly in this case, and I am not saying a school's actions should go above review. But neither do I think it would help anything to hamstring the school's ability to deal with its own students without involving the court system. In effect, turning every classroom disturbance into a crime.
Except Title IX almost forces it to be a judicial process, because it requires an investigation into complaints of sexual harassment and violence, and remedial action where the investigation reveals, by a preponderance of the evidence, that there was sexual harassment or sexual violence. This includes sanctions against students who are found to have engaged in prohibited sexual harassment or violence. And that is what triggers the due process rights.
To be honest, I find the Department of Education's Office of Civil Rights
guidance on these points to be ridiculous and inadequate. School officials who follow these guidelines, including the screening of questions for cross-examination, are likely to run afoul of federal and state constitutional requirements, a point that the OCR alludes to but doesn't address. Like this advice:
OCR strongly discourages a school from allowing the parties to personally question or cross-examine each other during a hearing on alleged sexual violence. Allowing an alleged perpetrator to question a complainant directly may be traumatic or intimidating, and may perpetuate a hostile environment. A school may choose, instead, to allow the parties to submit questions to a trained third party (e.g., the hearing panel) to ask the questions on their behalf. OCR recommends that the third party screen the questions submitted by the parties and only ask those it deems appropriate and relevant to the case.
That's exactly what the judge in this case found to be a violation of the accused student's due process rights.
I do not want to minimize the failure of Title IX compliance at some schools, much of that being what prompted these guidelines and the crackdown by the DoE and individual universities. Tufts is an extreme case, but they clearly botched compliance. And I doubt that they were an isolated example. But unfortunately, these guidelines give very short shrift to the rights of the accused in hearings on sexual harassment and violence.