The summation of the Law was to do to others as you would have them to for you. That is individual responsibility, not top down taking from Peter to pay Paul by some better than thou government.
There was a government, and taxation/ceremonies/systems which provided for that government to exist.
The law was writ large for all to follow, so your 'do unto others' idea was much more exact and detailed in 613 laws.
The Law states that one is not to covet their neighbors' goods, much less forcibly take them to give to someone the government chooses. The Law is the objective rock to base one's actions. Not some subjective woke viewpoint, based on some supposedly supreme moral humanistic values, such as perform surgery on mentally confused children, or force women to compete with men in sports, or tramp on laws made by the government, to meet subjective moral decisions of self-appointed moral superiors, or let the lawless out of jail, to enable them to rob, or kill again, to show someone's subjective idea of mercy.
The laws were subjective, needed to be if the Israelite nation was to survive.
At that time and
for that time they were exactly was was needed for a successful people that had a chance of growing and existing.
I showed some of the poor laws that were in that legislation but you did not reply to any of them.
However you mentioned just a couple in the next piece which I will answer there........
No, justice is to treat everyone the same, as in the same justice for the rich and the poor. The judgments were set in the law. The judgment for king David's sin will also apply to the poor man's similar actions, except when David lost his kingdom for his sin, it will be considerably more in extent than the kingdom the poor man loses. As for Ex 22:25, with respect to lending money, that would be to "my people", which would exclude the nations/Gentiles. On the other hand, the "stranger" could glean from the land, using their own energy.
You mention King David to me in reply to my post about the laws of Moses, King David wasn't around when they were produced.
But since you mention him, King David bust those laws, and was reduced for it.
The bible tells that God offered those laws to all/any of the peoples who had been around previously, but that they ignored them, and he explained this to the Israelites (or Moses).
Every person was a part of the whole, supported by the whole and cared for by the whole community.
That's what the Mosiac law required of the more fortunate, capable and able people, see below. Such laws as this formed a coherent and strong nation, and only until they were discarded did the nation crumble and fall away.
Leviticus {15:11} For the poor shall never cease out of the land: therefore I command thee, saying, Thou shalt open thine hand wide unto thy brother, to thy poor, and to thy needy, in thy land.
And we haven't moved forward to what Jesus said, have we? You've got all that to come!