- 47:4 "So when you meet those who disbelieve [in battle], strike their necks until, when you have inflicted slaughter upon them ...".
"God could have taken vengeance upon them, but (He ordered armed struggle) to test some of you ...".
"Those who are killed in the cause of Allah - never will He waste their deeds".
- 47:20 through 47:23 "when a precise surah is revealed and fighting is mentioned therein, you see those in whose hearts is hypocrisy looking at you with a look of one overcome by death... when the matter (preparation for Jihad) is resolved, then if they had been true to Allah [by fighting], it would have been better for them".
- 47:31 "We will surely test you until We make evident those who strive [wage jihad]".
- 47:35 "So do not weaken and call for peace while you are superior".
47:4 is a bit strange, it seems to say they are taken as captives and potentially released
Also, the mention of jihad, imv, is always a signal for a spiritual layer to the verses. The entire surah can be read as an inner struggle. Even the captives as a metaphor for inner demons fits. One is directed to be vigilant and strike repeatedly. But total destruction of these inner demons isn't needed, and this is reassuring because some cannot destroy their inner demons. so they are bound, and potentially released later when fighting has ceased. When does fighting cease? The exmaple given is someone who can read a surah about fighting and maintains resolve in their heart. A person could cultivate this, and bind their inner demons with it.
- 22:58 "Those who emigrated for the cause of Allah and then were killed or died - Allah will surely provide for them a good provision".
22:67, 22:72, 22:78 the cause of Allah is defined. Not fighting. Preaching, prayer, and charity.
- 49:15 "The believers ... strive with their properties and their lives in the cause of Allah".
"The cause" could be a peaceful cause... And anyways, 49:6 " ... ascertain the truth from evil-doers ... " is merciful to evil doers... so theres that since we're picking and choosing verses from the surah.
- 66:9 "O Prophet! Strive hard against the Unbelievers and the Hypocrites, and be firm against them".
first of all, who likes hypocrites? second, a Kufr, if I understand a specific kind of denier of whom it is appropriate to strive hard against. It's also kind of a random comment in the middle of a short surah. It would be good to see what other scholars make of the entire thing.
- 61:4 "Truly Allah loves those who fight in His Cause in battle array, as if they were a solid cemented structure".
- 61:10 through 61:13 "Shall I lead you to a bargain that will save you from a grievous Penalty? You shall believe in Allah and His Messenger, and struggle hard in Allah's way with your property and your lives. He will admit you to Gardens. and other things you love, help from God and a nigh victory".
It's a short surah, go back one, 60:7-8 " ... it may be that Allah grant love between you and your enemies ... " " ... Allah does not forbid kindess to your enemies ... "
- 48:16 "You shall be called against a people possessed of great might to fight them".
- 48:29 "Muhammad is the messenger of Allah; and those who are with him are strong against Unbelievers".
48:16 is moderated in that same verse, "... fight them or they surrender ... "
48:29 strength could be resolve or restraint here
- 5:33 "The only reward of those who make war upon Allah and His messenger and strive after corruption in the land will be that they will be killed or crucified".
- 5:35 - "O ye who believe! ... strive in His way".
- 5:54 "mighty against the unbelievers, they shall strive hard in Allah's way".
moderated by 5:34 " ... unless they repent ... "
5:42 and 5:45 " ... judge them justly ..." " ... charity atones ... "
Allah's way is 5:74 " ... most merciful ... "
- 9;5, "kill the polytheists wherever you find them and capture them and besiege them and sit in wait for them at every place of ambush".
- 9:13 "Will you not fight a people who have violated their oaths and intended to expel the Messenger, while they did attack you first".
- 9:14 "Fight them, and Allah will punish them by your hands".
- 9:16 "Do you think that you will be left (as you are) while Allah has not yet made evident those among you who strive (for His cause)".
- 9:19 "strives in the cause of Allah".
- 9:20 "The ones who have believed, emigrated and striven in the cause of Allah with their wealth and their lives".
- 9:29 "Fight against those who have been given the Scripture [Jews and Christians]".
- 9:30 "The Christians say the Messiah is the son of Allah ... May Allah destroy them".
- 9:36 "Fight against the disbelievers".
- 9:38 "What is the matter with you, that, when ye are asked to go forth in the cause of Allah, ye cling heavily to the earth?".
- 9:39 "If you do not go forth, He will punish you".
- 9:41 "Go forth, light-armed and heavy-armed, and strive with your wealth and your lives in the way of Allah".
- 9:44 "Those who believe in God and the Day of Judgment do not ask you whether they should fight for the cause of God".
- 9:45 "It is only those who believe not in Allah and the Last Day and whose hearts are in doubt that ask your leave (to be exempted from Jihad)" [clarification added by Mohsin Khan translation].
- 9:52 "Can you expect for us (any fate) other than one of two glorious things- (Martyrdom or victory)?".
- 9:73 "O Prophet, fight against the disbelievers and the hypocrites and be harsh upon them".
- 9:81 "they hated to strive and fight with their properties and their lives in the Cause of Allah''.
- 9:86 "Believe in Allah and strive hard along with His Messenger".
- 9:88 "But the messenger and those who believe with him strive with their wealth and their lives".
- 9:93 "The blameworthy ones are those who ask for exemption [from fighting] despite their ability".
- 9:111 "Surely Allah has bought from the believers their persons and their property for this, that they shall have the garden; they fight in Allah's way, so they slay and are slain".
- 9:123 "Fight those of the disbelievers who are close to you"
The whole surah can be read as a treatise against breaking treaties.
A treaty could be literal in the case of territorial conflict; could be metaphorical. It could be an inner treaty to pray give charity and have faith. It could be assets which have been consecrated to a cause...
