What Hindu unity? I agree with that Ajah just said, this notion of Hinduism as single religion is laughable. It is a term for a collection of different religions, and is about as valid as the term 'Abrahamism' is as a religion. However, even if the Abrahamism religion existed, they would still have more agreement among each other than Hindus do, for example
Hinduism on the other hand is a catch-all fallacious label that unites atheism, theism, pantheism, Gnosticism dualism, non-dualism, animism, ancestor worship, shamanism, satanism and pretty much any ism! Everybody and nobody is a Hindu. It is very much a joke. Like I said calling Hinduism a single unified religion, is like calling schizophrenia coherent thinking.
All Hindus are One, the wise ones know what the truth is.
I outlined can then be definitively answered. I will answer very briefly:
2) What is the central canon of Hinduism? The central canon are the Vedas, and the Upanishads are considered the new testimant and revelation. The Upanishads started the great Jnana tradition of the Vedic tradition from which the Darsanas arose and all the core Vedic philosophies were formulated, culminating in Advaita Vedanta.
The Vedas are far more important than the Upanishads, your biased views towards the Vedas is a fallacy. With no Vedas there is no Upanishads.
3) What is the Hindu concept of god? Hindus accept the existence of only one ultimate supreme reality known as Brahman which is a substance of pure consciousness and bliss, everything else is an illusion produced by a creative power of consciousness. God or Ishvara and Jiva or soul are products of this power and disappear when one attains enlightenment.
No, the official Hindu deities are,
The main devas are (vide 6th anuvaka of Chamakam): Aditya, Agni, Antariksha, Ashwinis, Brahma, Brihaspati, Dishas, Dyaus, Indra, Ganesha, Marutas, Mitra, Mitravaruna, Moordha, Prajapati, Prithvi, Pusha, Rudra, Savitr, Shiva, Soma, Varuna, Vayu, Vishnu, and Vishvedavas.
The Thirty-three gods is a pantheon of Hindu deities, some of Vedic origin and some developed later. It generally includes a set of 31 deities consisting of 12 Ādityas, 11 Rudras, and 8 Vasus; the identity of the other two deities that fill out the 33 varies, though their roles are generally a creator deity, presiding over procreation and protector of life and the 33rd is an all powerful supreme ruler.
The 31 are:
Twelve Ādityas (personified deities) Mitra, Aryaman, Bhaga, Varuṇa, Dakṣa, Aṃśa, Tvāṣṭṛ, Pūṣan, Vivasvat, Savitṛ, Śakra, Viṣṇu. This list sometimes varies in particulars.
Eleven Rudras, consisting of:
Five abstractions Ānanda "bliss", Vijñāna "knowledge", Manas "thought",
Prāṇa "breath" or "life", Vāc "speech",
Five names of Śiva Īśāna "ruler", Tatpuruṣa "that person", Aghora "not terrible", Vāmadeva "pleasant god", Sadyojāta "born at once"
Ātmā "self"
Eight Vasus (deities of material elements) Pṛthivī "Earth", Agni "Fire",
Antarikṣa "Atmosphere", Vāyu "Wind", Dyauṣ "Sky", Sūrya "Sun", Nakṣatra "Stars", Soma "Moon"
Other sources like the Vedas include the two Aśvins (or Nāsatyas), twin solar deities.
Indra also called Śakra, lord of the gods, is the First of the 33 followed by Agni
Prajāpati "Master of creatures", the creator [Prajāpati "Master of creatures", the creator is Brahma who resides over the thirty three.]
The generic title, though not the particular names of the deities, was borrowed in Buddhist sources as a name for the heaven "of the Thirty-three gods" (Trāyastriṃśa).
These are the official Gods of Hinduism and they all exists. This is Hinduism, if you don't accept it then you're not a Hindu.
4) How was the universe created in Hinduism? There is no creation. The entire universe is a holographic projection of the creative power of consciousness. Hence creation is an illusion. The universe that we inhabit which is the holographic projection exists in several dimensions ranging from the purest and lightest(sattva) in the causal dimension, to intermediate and energetic the in subtle dimension(rajas) to the impure and heaviest(tamas) in the physical dimension.
Stop this nonsense and this stupidity, our seers knew nothing about the holographic principle or anything as such, it is a modern pesudo-scientific term with no evidence what so ever.
According to Hindu philosophy, Hiranyagarbha is the source of the creation of this universe and it emanated from a golden egg.
Hiraṇyagarbha (Devanagari: हिरण्यगर्भः ; literally the 'golden womb' or 'golden egg', poetically rendered 'universal germ') i
s the source of the creation of the Universe or the manifested cosmos in Indian philosophy,[1] it finds mention in one hymn of the Ṛkveda (RV 10.121), known as the 'Hiraṇyagarbha Sūkta', suggesting a single creator deity(verse 8: yo deveṣv ādhi devā eka āsīt, Griffith: "He is the God of gods, and none beside him."), in the hymn identified as Prajāpati.
The Upaṇiṣad calls it the Soul of the Universe or Brahman,[2] and elaborates that Hiraṇyagarbha floated around in emptiness and the darkness of the non-existence for about a year, and then broke into two halves which formed the Svarga and the Pṛthvi.
5) What is the cause of suffering and evil in Hinduism? Ignorance. The soul or 'jiva' is an illusion produced by the superimposition of consciousness on the material product of mind, the mind then falsely thinks it is an agent or doer i.e., the jiva is a natural AI. The jiva not knowing any better than evolves gradually through various organisms, experiencing pain and pleasure and suffering and performing wrong and ignorant acts(evil)
No, both good and evil are rent in us, its inevitable we need to bear it and get through it, there is no escape from both good and evil.
6) What is the doctrine of salvation in Hinduism ? When the Jiva gains real experiential knowledge(jnana) that its existence is in fact not real, it only a material product, a complex of forces of nature and realizes consciousness as the only existent reality.
Don't act like you know what happens to a person who has achieved liberation, it sounds like you were there watching it.
I know my Hinduism through and through and I know what is true Hinduism and what isn't true Hinduism. If all Hindus would agree with all the core doctrines and practices I have outlined above we would have true unity and easily the most advanced and scientific religion in the world. Why do Hindus oppose this?
You know nothing about Hinduism and when you don't even know what true hinduism is how can you call it scientific, we have no desire of making hinduism scientific, science deals with empirical things where as hinduism deals with metaphysical things and there is value in both if we keep them separate and learn about the nature of reality from both of them.