Well, you posted quite a lot, some of it was a bit confusing so I will answer some, and ask clarification on others.
"A false statement he reported that some companions died in battle"
So you are just saying that Zuhri simply lied. I am understanding this point correctly?
The Gospels vs. Gospel is an interesting perspective that I never really considered, but the answer to me was also pretty apparent which comes simply from what gospel means.
Matthew 4:23
Jesus went throughout Galilee, teaching in their synagogues, proclaiming the good news of the kingdom, and healing every disease and sickness
among the people.
Mark 16:15
15 He said to them, “Go into all the world and preach the gospel to all creation.
Luke 9:6
New American Standard Bible (©1995)
Departing, they began going throughout the villages, preaching the gospel and healing everywhere.
International Standard Version (©2008)
So they left and went from village to village, spreading the good news and healing diseases everywhere.
This is just demonstrating that Bible translations interchange gospel and "good news"
The reason for this is that gospel literally means "good news"
So, Jesus preached the good news to everyone. The gospel when used in the Bible does not mean written codified book. It is a concept. It is good news
Surah 5:46:
And in there footsteps We sent Jesus the son of Mary, confirming the law that had come before him: We sent him the Gospel
[good news]: therein was guidance and light, and confirmation of the Law that had come before him: a guidance and an admonition to those who fear Allah.
A better way to understand are Gospels would be "The Gospel according to Luke" "The good news according to Mark" "the Gospel according to John" "the good news according to Matthew"
"Gospel" does not unequivocally in every situation denote a codified written book.
Surah 3:78:
There is among them a section who distort the Book with their tongues: (As they read) you would think it is a part of the Book, but it is no part of the Book; and they say, "That is from Allah," but it is not from Allah: It is they who tell a lie against Allah, and (well) they know it!
So this says that some distort Allah's words and this:
Sura 10:64 "Theirs are good tidings in the life of the world and in the Hereafter - There is no changing the Words of Allah - that is the Supreme Triumph. "
Says that his words are not changed. So now we just have two verses that apparently contradict, or at the very least create tension. Is their a reason why my surah is less valid then the one you posted?
Ibn 'Abbas said, "Why do you ask the people of the scripture about anything while your Book (Quran) which has been revealed to Allah's Apostle is newer and the latest? You read it pure, undistorted and unchanged, and Allah has told you that the people of the scripture (Jews and Christians) changed their scripture and distorted it, and wrote the scripture with their own hands and said, 'It is from Allah,' to sell it for a little gain. Does not the knowledge which has come to you prevent you from asking them about anything? No, by Allah, we have never seen any man from them asking you regarding what has been revealed to you!"
Ok, that is good evidence, but does the Koran make this same statement? This, in its current form, does not mean as much to me because I was arguing that the Koran supports the previous revelations (Old and New Testament), and not that a Muslim scholar does.
I challenge You to show me where the Quran says we revealed The old-testament
Well, this is a stab in the dark but,
Surah 5:46:
And in there footsteps We sent Jesus the son of Mary,
confirming the law that had come before him: We sent him the Gospel: therein was guidance and light, and confirmation of the Law that had come before him: a guidance and an admonition to those who fear Allah.
I could be wrong, but the Torah is "the law" and this comes before Jesus.
Also,
Holy Quran 3:65-67
O People of the Scripture,
why do you argue about Abraham while the Torah and the Gospel were not revealed until after him? Then will you not reason?Here you are - those who have argued about that of which you have [some] knowledge, but why do you argue about that of which you have no knowledge? And Allah knows, while you know not.Abraham was neither a Jew nor a Christian, but he was one inclining toward truth, a Muslim [submitting to Allah ]. And he was not of the polytheists.
The Torah is definitely mentioned here.
I would have to do more search for the entire Old Testament being mentioned due to the aspect that it has different sections with different names, and Christians call it Old Testament now, but the Hebrew name is different and more closely translates to "covenant"
O ye who believe! Be ye helpers of Allah: as said Jesus the son of Mary to the Disciples, "Who will be my helpers to (the work of) Allah?" Said the Disciples, "We are Allah's helpers!" then a portion of the Children of Israel believed, and a portion disbelieved: But We gave power to those who believed against their enemies, AND THEY BECAME THE ONES THAT PREVAILED. S. 61:14
I will admit this does not mention names, but notice some key points.
"Said the Disciples, 'We are Allah's helper's!" -this refers to the disciple of Jesus.
"a portion of the Children of Israel believed, and a portion believed" Just showing the two groups
"But We gave power to those who believed against their enemies, AND THEY BECAME THE ONES THAT PREVAILED"
This is extremely important. The disciple who believed in Jesus prevailed. If this is true, the what does this mean for the writings (such as the gsopels) and other New Testament books?
The writers of these books prevailed because they believed in Jesus and Allah made them successful.
Lots of points I know, but you certainly threw a lot at me
And yes, I am guilty of copying and pasting the direct quotes, but what do you expect? They are quotes, so I copied them to retain accuracy.
And inspired by God as in these books are the words of God and contain "The" Truth.
Edit: Thanks for the back up