Augustus
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They oppose the changes recommended by greater scientific and cultural awareness because these changes continually threaten or challenge their sense that their own culture is safe in the face of these changes.
Now the arrogance might come in as a sign of a history of dismissal of those who identify as conservative on the part of those discovering, promoting and implementing those changes, namely the liberals. So there would be blame on both sides even if the changes the liberals espouse are something that cant be reasonably denied like climate change.
The behavior of the conservatives then is a response to a behavior of the liberals and there needs to be less attitude on both sides at this point. Trump is a symptom of how bad things have gotten.
Trying to divide a country down the middle into 2 neatly divided camps and essentialising them with particular qualities is mostly just an exercise in prejudice and confirmation bias.
People tend to focus on the loudmouth fringes rather than the 'silent majority'. A majority of conservatives across the world agree climate change is happening, for example. On issues like immigration, the average centre-left and centre-right belief are going to be pretty similar.
We also 'frame' issues according to our biases. For example in the UK, many people believe voting for Brexit makes one racist (and stupid).
Funnily enough if you look at the EU (EEC) membership vote in the UK it was almost the exact opposite of the Brexit vote. The more left-wing a constituency was, the less support for membership there was. This was because membership was seen as pro-business and anti-worker at that time.
So someone who votes for Brexit on the entirely reasonable principle that they believe the EU is not very democratic (something that has been acknowledged across the political spectrum for decades) is painted as 'objectively' a racist idiot who was fooled by "right-wing media".
We tend to 'mind-read' and assign negative motives to hose we disagree with and positive motives to those we agree with. But for the average person, they support things for 'positive', but different, reasons.
This doesn't mean that everyone does so, but assigning bad-faith motives to our opponents is ultimately a form of egotism: the idea that no 'right thinking' person could disagree with me.
Given the limits of human cognition, and the fact that most political issues and identities are complex and multifaceted, adopting a bad-faith approach is to contribute to the degradation of the political process.