Critics of the Book of Mormon have often seized upon Alma 7:10 as evidence that the book was a fraud. Joseph Smith, they say, made the mistake of placing Jesus' birthplace as Jerusalem when he was born in Bethlehem. Can this disagreement possibly be reconciled?
It can, with the help of some historical background. An especially important cache of letters found at Amarna--known as the "tel-el-Amarna" letters--contain references to "the land of Jerusalem" as an area larger than the city itself (Nibley 5). This comes from the Palestinian tradition--also found in Syria--that the area around a city would be called by the name of the city. This tradition was a holdover from the period when the city and surrounding lands comprised a single polity: a city-state. Bethlehem, barely six miles from Jerusalem proper, would naturally be part of "the
land of Jerusalem."
This might be a pretty flimsy excuse if this was the only part of the Book of Mormon which used these city-state references, but it's not. Lehi is said to have "dwelt
at Jerusalem all his days," yet his sons have to journey
from Jerusalem
to the land of their inheritance. The terms "go down unto the land of our inheritence" and "go up unto Jerusalem" are also consistent with how Hebrews and Egyptians spoke of the city and its surrounding regions (Nibley 6).
That this system of reference survived the trip into the New World is evident from many references in the Book of Mormon. A simple search of the scriptures at
www.lds.org yields some choice references:
Mosiah 23: 20
20 And it came to pass that they did multiply and prosper exceedingly in the land of Helam; and they built a city, which they called the city of Helam.
Alma 47: 20
20 And it came to pass that Amalickiah marched with his armies (for he had gained his desires) to the land of Nephi, to the city of Nephi, which was the chief city.
Alma 62: 18
18 And it came to pass that when they had sent them away they pursued their march towards the land of Nephihah. And it came to pass that when they had come to the city of Nephihah, they did pitch their tents in the plains of Nephihah, which is near the city of Nephihah.
Strangely, some of the best evidence in favor of this interpretation of Alma 7:10 comes from the Bible itself (emphasis mine):
2 Kgs. 14: 20
20 And they brought him on horses: and he was buried
at Jerusalem with his fathers
in the city of David.
Luke 2: 4
4 And Joseph also went up from Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judaea,
unto the city of David, which is called Bethlehem; (because he was of the house and lineage of David
So if the city of David is found "at Jerusalem," then Alma was not incorrect to say that the Savior would be born "at Jerusalem."