Jensa said:
How does Buddhism (or Buddhists) deal with chronic physical pain, like arthritis?
I don't know if I can speak for all Buddhists, but our school concerns itself quite a bit with the healing arts and the roots of pain and illness. Let's see if I can represent well enough.
Any form of suffering is the result of karmic seeds planted from either this lifetime or from previous lifetimes. It's understood that because we are born, we carry these imprints with us, and that they will ripen into some form of misfortune, pain, illness, or untimely death (or really anything rather nasty). In the case of chronic pain, therefore, it's understood to be karmic seeds that are ripening into this kind of experience. How you cope with it and deal with it is entirely up to you, and will result in karmic purification (good thing), or in more negative seeds being planted (bad thing - more suffering in the future).
Jensa said:
Is this a type of suffering that arises from desire/attatchment?
That is an answer I do not have, for it might vary in different individuals and their karmic history. But, the root defilement of ALL suffering is ignorance. This forms the base of other defilements that include desire/attachment as well as fear/aversion.
Jensa said:
Is it possible to be in pain without suffering?
Pain varies from one individual to the next. What I might find incredibly painful might be tolerated highly in the next. Take needles............the very thought of one creates all kinds of phobias of intense pain and intrusion in some people, where others don't even blink when being administered a shot. With that being said, one can most certainly experience pain without suffering. It depends entirely on the state of mind at the time.
While I was going through labor pains with my daughter, I was without any anesthetics in me, and so I felt EVERYTHING. Perhaps the worst pain I'd ever felt! And yet, because of how my mind was working, the experience was nearly a state of euphoria for me.
Without going into too much detail in the open forum, varying S&M practices also point to the fact that one can experience pain without suffering in the slightest.
I hope I made some sense. I could be wrong, however.
Peace,
Mystic