The Buddha labeled such people “Eel wrigglers” in the Brahmajala Sutta (DN 1). There he identifies four types of Eel wrigglers. The first does not know whether something is good or bad. But when asked he doesn’t want to seem ignorant, and he doesn’t want to lie – for fear of the distress it would cause (so at least he has a conscience), so “he resorts to evasive statements and wriggles like an eel: I don’t say this. I don’t say that. I don’t say it is otherwise. I don’t say it is not. I don’t not say it is not.”
It sounds a bit cartoonish – but I’ve encountered such people. I’m sure you have too.
The next is likewise ignorant and wriggles like an eel in just the same way. But this time his motivation is fear of the underlying feelings that might arise should he admit as much or lie: namely lust or aversion. He perhaps has experienced the joys of equanimity and doesn’t want to upset them, but he still hasn’t gotten anywhere in terms of knowledge and thus wriggles around when asked about good and bad.
Sounds a bit like certain “blissed out” practitioners I’ve heard about and met. You?
The third is likewise ignorant but in this case he fears the distress of perhaps encountering a better debater and losing. So he wriggles too.
And the fourth is the Buddha being about as blunt as I can recall: “Here an ascetic or Brahmin is dull and stupid. Because of his dullness and stupidity” he wriggles as well.
All of this because they were a) ignorant of right and wrong and b) unwilling to simply say so.
Now, as a practitioner and scholar, I certainly don’t know much. But I can say I know some of the simpler points of what is beneficial or good: generosity, patience, moral restraint and so on and that their opposites are bad. On particular questions all I can do is appeal to these basic traits – perhaps thinking of the Buddha’s discourse to the Kalamas: does the action give rise to greed, hatred, and aversion? If so, it is bad. If an act dissipates these qualities, it is good. It’s perhaps painfully simple, but when applied it means a lot. It means that a lot of what we justify in our lives: excessive consumption, rudeness to strangers, lack of care for those far away, cannot go on. And it means that we must actively cultivate attitudes that simplify our lives, maintain mindfulness in daily life, and open up to the whole world of suffering out there.
Christopher Titmus, one contemporary and well-respected Dharma teacher, writes in an article subtitled “keeping your eye on the goal”:
The eel wrigglers have little faith in complete enlightenment, in total realisation of the Non-Dual and a pervasive seeing of the emptiness of all ego-making activities. Eel wrigglers usually experience inner doubts, if not angst, and assume it is the same for everybody else. ‘It could be like this or it could be like that’ is one of their common views. They replace Right View, the first link in the Noble Eightfold Path, with Right Unconducive View. (link)