Some important words in Romans 1:26-27:
It is important to understand the precise meaning of certain key words in Verses 26 & 27, as expressed in the original Greek:
About the words "vile affections:" The Greek phrase translated as "
vile affections" in the King James Version of the Bible has also been translated into English as:
"
vile affections and degrading passions" (Amplified Bible)
"
dishonorable passions" (English Standard Version)
"
degrading passions" (New American Bible, New American Standard Bible, & New Revised Standard Version)
"
shameful lusts" (New International Version)
"
shameful desires" (New Living Translation)
"
evil things" (Living Bible)
"
shameful affections" (Rheims New Testament)
"
immoral, unnatural drives" (The Great Book: The New Testament in Plain English) In the original Greek, the phrase probably does not mean "
passions" or "
lust" as people experienced in normal, day-to-day living -- the type of emotion that one encounters in a marriage or sexually active relationship. It seems to refer to the "
frenzied state of mind that many ancient mystery cults induced in worshipers by means of wine, drugs and music."
2 It seems to describe the results of ritual sexual orgies as performed in many Pagan settings at the time. Paul seems to be referring here to Pagan "fertility cult worship prevalent in Rome" at the time.
4 Vestiges of this type of sex magic are still seen today in some Neopagan religious traditions. The Wiccan "
Great Rite" is one example. However, in modern times, such rituals are restricted to committed couples in private.
About the words "exchanged," "leaving," "change," and "abandoned:" These words are important, because they precisely describe the people about whom Paul is talking. From the text, he is obviously writing about women with a heterosexual orientation, who had previously engaged in only heterosexual sex, who had subsequently "
exchanged" their normal/inborn behaviors for same-sex activities. That is, they deviated from their heterosexual orientation and engaged in sexual behavior with other women. Similarly, he describes men with a heterosexual orientation who had "
abandoned" their normal/inborn behaviors and engaged in same-sex activities. In both cases, he is describing individuals with a heterosexual orientation, who were engaging in same-sex behavior -- in violation of their natural desires. In normal life, these are very unusual activities, because heterosexuals typically have a strong aversion to engaging in same-sex behavior. However, with the peer pressure, expectations, drugs, alcohol and other stimulants present in Pagan sex rituals at the time, they appear to have abandoned their normal feelings of abhorrence and engaged in same-sex behavior.
About the word "natural:" "
The operative term in Paul’s original Greek is "phooskos", meaning "inborn", "produced by nature" , "agreeable to nature".
1 This term, and the corresponding phrase "
para physin" described below, are open to interpretation:
To many religious liberals, gays, lesbians, mental health therapists, and human sexuality researchers, homosexual and bisexual orientations are normal, natural, and inborn for a small percentage of human adults. For gays, lesbians and bisexuals with these orientations, opposite-sex behavior would be abnormal and unnatural.
To most religious conservatives, and perhaps to Paul himself, all same-sex behavior is abnormal and unnatural, no matter by whom it is done and regardless of the nature of their relationship.
About the word "against nature," "unnatural," etc: The Greek phrase
"para physin" is commonly translated into the English as:
"
unnatural and abnormal" (Amplified Bible)
"
contrary to nature" (English Standard Version)
"
against nature" (King James Version, Rheims New Testament)
"
sin with each other" (Living Bible)
"
unnatural" (New American Bible, New American Standard Bible, New International Version, New Revised Standard Version)
"
immoral, unnatural drives" (The Great Book: The New Testament in Plain English) These do not seem to be an accurate translations. They may demonstrate prejudice on the part of the translators. "
Unnatural" implies that the act is something that is to be morally condemned. M. Nissinen defines "
para physin" as:
"Deviating from the ordinary order either in a good or a bad sense, as something that goes beyond the ordinary realm of experience." 3
The word "
unconventional" would have been a more precise word for translators to use. The phrase "Para physin" appears elsewhere in the Bible:
In 1 Corinthians 11:14, Paul uses the phrase to refer to long hair on men as unusual and not ordinary.
In Romans 11:24, Paul used it to describe God's positive actions to bring Jews and Gentiles together.
About the phrase "just reward:" Romans 1:27 refers to the idolaters receiving a recompense or penalty for "
their error which was due." (NKJ, ASV, etc). This appears to be a reference to the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) which was epidemic among such Pagan fertility cults at the time. The general availability of condoms would only occurr millennia in the future from Paul's era.