Aštra’el
Aštara, Blade of Aštoreth
It is universal that sky and sun are seen as the more powerful or or higher elements while Earth and moon are the lesser elements, which is precisely why earth are moon were demoted to the feminine while Sun and sky were promoted to Sun and Sky.
Some possible Sumerian and Babylonian perspectives on this subject...
An is heaven and is male
Ki is earth and is female
Anu is the sky god/ Heavenly Father/ ruler of Heaven, etc... and is male
Nanna/ Sin is the moon god and is male
Shamash/ Utu is the sun god and is male
(There are also many other prominent Sumerian and Babylonian gods... such as Enlil, Enki, Ishtar, Ereshkigal, Nergal, etc... but let us remain on subject)
Absu was the freshwater primordial waters, and was male
Tiamat was the primordial waters and the ultimate embodiment of primeval chaos. Within Tiamat was the entire cosmos. Her archetype was also about Creation. From Tiamat, all other gods were born, and she only turned on them when Enki (god of wisdom and sorcery) rose up against and defeated her mate Abzu. Tiamat was arguably the most powerful deity in the Babylonian pantheon... and was female.
Marduk's attributes (at least, in the Enuma Elis) appear to reflect an archetype of Order over Chaos, Creation and Destruction. In the Babylonian Creation epic (the Enuma Elis) Marduk only defeated Tiamat by absorbing power from many of the greatest Mesopotamian gods...
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