Tumah
Veteran Member
I've come to the conclusion that the best use of my time is to present the plethora of sacrifices found in Judaism (decision making may not be my forte). I'm making a post describing every type of sacrifice found in Judaism and it's purpose. I'll break them up by categories and try to provide as much information as I can without making this OP even more cumbersome. So I've not included a significant amount of information, such as the procedure for sacrifice, the various ways a sacrifice can become invalid and many other complex rules.
(Please note: Naming is an art that we have sadly either never had or is long lost.)
Sacrifices are split into two major types: the individual's sacrifice and the public's sacrifice.
The individual's sacrifice was paid for by the individual. If I recall correctly, Jerusalem had a lower market and upper market. The upper market had all the animal stalls, money changers and other assorted Temple-centric merchants. As it was prohibited to take your money belt up the Temple Mount, you'd purchase your animal or change your money for the Half Shekel there and then ascend the Temple Mount.
The public sacrifice was paid for by everyone, from the Half Shekel everyone had to bring once a year. There were a number of public sacrifices as well as the incense (burnt twice daily 365 days a year plus an extra three portions for the Day of Atonement) that fall under this category.
There are eight major categories:
The Burnt Offering, the Sin Offering, the Fault Offering, the Peace Offering, the Tithe Offering, the First-born Offering, the Passover Offering and the Meal Offering. They're categories are based on different rules that apply to them.
In addition to the animal itself, every Burnt Offering, Peace Offering as well as the Sin Offering and Fault Offering of a Leper is brought with a Meal Offering and a Wine Libation. Each individual animal was brought with its own Offerings and Libations. The Meal Offering was burnt on the altar completely. The wine was poured into one of two holes (one was for wine the other for the Water Libation brought once a year on Tabernacles) that lead to a space under the altar ~ 1.5' x 1.5'. See Below for Meal Offerings.
Almost all sacrifices have at least certain parts that are burnt on the Altar of Burnt Offerings. Those are: the fat encasing the innards of the animal (I believe it's called caul fat) kidneys and the fat on them and the flanks near them, a piece of the liver that juts out as well as a small piece of the main body of the liver.
Another commonality between the sacrifices is that if they were not completely eaten within the allotted time or became ritually impure or invalid, they were required to be burned at a designated place outside the Temple.
Burnt Offering
Burnt Offerings are called as such, because they are burnt entirely on the altar with the exception of the skin (of animals) which was given to the priests. They were slaughtered in the northern area of the Inner Courtyard and it's blood was collected there as well. It's blood was sprinkled on the altar twice, once at two different corners (NE and SW), such that the blood went on all four sides.
There are three major types of Burnt Offerings:
(Please note: Naming is an art that we have sadly either never had or is long lost.)
Sacrifices are split into two major types: the individual's sacrifice and the public's sacrifice.
The individual's sacrifice was paid for by the individual. If I recall correctly, Jerusalem had a lower market and upper market. The upper market had all the animal stalls, money changers and other assorted Temple-centric merchants. As it was prohibited to take your money belt up the Temple Mount, you'd purchase your animal or change your money for the Half Shekel there and then ascend the Temple Mount.
The public sacrifice was paid for by everyone, from the Half Shekel everyone had to bring once a year. There were a number of public sacrifices as well as the incense (burnt twice daily 365 days a year plus an extra three portions for the Day of Atonement) that fall under this category.
There are eight major categories:
The Burnt Offering, the Sin Offering, the Fault Offering, the Peace Offering, the Tithe Offering, the First-born Offering, the Passover Offering and the Meal Offering. They're categories are based on different rules that apply to them.
In addition to the animal itself, every Burnt Offering, Peace Offering as well as the Sin Offering and Fault Offering of a Leper is brought with a Meal Offering and a Wine Libation. Each individual animal was brought with its own Offerings and Libations. The Meal Offering was burnt on the altar completely. The wine was poured into one of two holes (one was for wine the other for the Water Libation brought once a year on Tabernacles) that lead to a space under the altar ~ 1.5' x 1.5'. See Below for Meal Offerings.
Almost all sacrifices have at least certain parts that are burnt on the Altar of Burnt Offerings. Those are: the fat encasing the innards of the animal (I believe it's called caul fat) kidneys and the fat on them and the flanks near them, a piece of the liver that juts out as well as a small piece of the main body of the liver.
Another commonality between the sacrifices is that if they were not completely eaten within the allotted time or became ritually impure or invalid, they were required to be burned at a designated place outside the Temple.
Burnt Offering
Burnt Offerings are called as such, because they are burnt entirely on the altar with the exception of the skin (of animals) which was given to the priests. They were slaughtered in the northern area of the Inner Courtyard and it's blood was collected there as well. It's blood was sprinkled on the altar twice, once at two different corners (NE and SW), such that the blood went on all four sides.
There are three major types of Burnt Offerings:
Voluntary Offerings
Donation Burnt Offering (Lev. 1) - the Donation Offering is a voluntary offering. If a person makes a vow to bring a Burnt Offering for whatever reason, this is what he brings. It has a slight atonement aspect as it can be used to atone for a handful of sins that do not have a punishment or sacrifice associated with them.
Provision for the Altar (Lev. 1:2) - Money left over from the Half Shekel tax that was not needed for regular year-round sacrifices, was used to buy additional sacrifices that were burned when there were no sacrifices that were currently burning on the altar. This sacrifice is considered a public voluntary offering.
Obligatory Personal Sacrifices
Obligatory Public Sacrifices
Sight Offering (Deut. 16:16) - Every one of the Three Pilgramages (Passover, Weeks, Tabernacles), its required that one bring this sacrifice on the first day (or the following days if the first day is missed). This sacrifice can be brought from bull, ram or sheep.
Puerperal Offering (Lev. 12:6-8) - Forty days after giving birth to a male and eighty days after giving birth to a female, a puerperal mother has to bring this sacrifice as well as a Sin Offering. This sacrifice is either a lamb within it's first year or if she's poor, a dove or pigeon.
(Note: Yes, puerperal is a word. I was surprised too.)
Rising and Falling Offering (Lev. 5:1-12) - Brought for (1) a swear accidentally made in vain or unfulfilled oath, or (2) purposely falsely swearing in court that one has not testimony to present in favor of a party or (3) accidentally entering the Temple or eating a sacrifice while impure. Called so because of the three options one has with regards to the form of sacrifice depending on the degree of wealth the person has. In the middle option, two birds can be brought, one of which is a burnt offering.
Note: There are other sacrifices that have secondary options for the poor and are often called "Rising and Falling Offerings" as well. However this one is distinct in that it has three options instead of two.
Puerperal Offering (Lev. 12:6-8) - Forty days after giving birth to a male and eighty days after giving birth to a female, a puerperal mother has to bring this sacrifice as well as a Sin Offering. This sacrifice is either a lamb within it's first year or if she's poor, a dove or pigeon.
(Note: Yes, puerperal is a word. I was surprised too.)
Rising and Falling Offering (Lev. 5:1-12) - Brought for (1) a swear accidentally made in vain or unfulfilled oath, or (2) purposely falsely swearing in court that one has not testimony to present in favor of a party or (3) accidentally entering the Temple or eating a sacrifice while impure. Called so because of the three options one has with regards to the form of sacrifice depending on the degree of wealth the person has. In the middle option, two birds can be brought, one of which is a burnt offering.
Note: There are other sacrifices that have secondary options for the poor and are often called "Rising and Falling Offerings" as well. However this one is distinct in that it has three options instead of two.
Convert's Offering (Num. 15:14) - A convert has to bring this sacrifice from either an animal or two birds (dove or pigeon) both of which will be treated as Burnt Offerings.
Leper's Offering (not really leprosy) (Lev. 14:10) - Eight days after the leper is purified, he brings a lamb or if he can't afford that, a dove or pigeon.
Nazirite's Offering (Num. 6:10, 14) - A Nazirite who became impure through contact with a dead body before the length of his vow is completed brings two doves or pigeons. When he completes his vow, he brings a lamb.
Flow Offering (not for rhyming skill) (Lev. 15:14-15, 29-30) - A male of female who has had certain types of abnormal emissions bring two birds one of which is a Burnt Offering.
Leper's Offering (not really leprosy) (Lev. 14:10) - Eight days after the leper is purified, he brings a lamb or if he can't afford that, a dove or pigeon.
Nazirite's Offering (Num. 6:10, 14) - A Nazirite who became impure through contact with a dead body before the length of his vow is completed brings two doves or pigeons. When he completes his vow, he brings a lamb.
Flow Offering (not for rhyming skill) (Lev. 15:14-15, 29-30) - A male of female who has had certain types of abnormal emissions bring two birds one of which is a Burnt Offering.
Ram of the High Priest on the Day of Atonement (Lev. 16:3) - Among the sacrifices the High Priest brings over the course of the Day of Atonement is a personal Burnt Offering in the form of a ram for himself and his household.
Obligatory Public Sacrifices
Perpetual Offering (Num. 28:3-4) - Brought twice daily: in the morning and the afternoon. This sacrifice is brought from a lamb.
Additional Offering - There are eight additional offerings brought at various times of the year.
Additional Offering - There are eight additional offerings brought at various times of the year.
Sabbath (Num. 28:9) - Two lambs
New Moon (Num. 28:11) - Two bulls, one ram, seven sheep
Passover (Num. 28:19) - Two bulls, one ram, seven sheep each of the seven days
Weeks (Num. 28:27) - Two bulls, one ram, seven sheep
Tabernacles (Num. 29:13-34) - Two rams and seven sheep each of the seven sheep. In addition to that, 13 bulls are brought the first day, 12 the second, etc. until the seventh day when 7 are brought.
Eighth Day of Convocation (Num. 29:36) - One bull, one ram and seven sheep.
New Moon (Num. 28:11) - Two bulls, one ram, seven sheep
Passover (Num. 28:19) - Two bulls, one ram, seven sheep each of the seven days
Weeks (Num. 28:27) - Two bulls, one ram, seven sheep
Tabernacles (Num. 29:13-34) - Two rams and seven sheep each of the seven sheep. In addition to that, 13 bulls are brought the first day, 12 the second, etc. until the seventh day when 7 are brought.
Eighth Day of Convocation (Num. 29:36) - One bull, one ram and seven sheep.
New Year (Num. 29:2) - One bull, one ram, seven sheep.
Day of Atonement (Num. 29:8) - One bull, one ram, seven sheep
Day of Atonement (Num. 29:8) - One bull, one ram, seven sheep
Brought with the Sheaf Offering (Lev. 23:12) - On the second day of Passover, together with the barely Sheaf Offering, a lamb was brought as a burnt offering (in addition to the regular Additional Offering).
Brought with the Two Breads (Lev. 23:18) - On Weeks, together with the Two Breads, bull, two rams and seven sheep were brought (in addition to the regular Additional Offering).
Ram of the Public Offering for the Day of Atonement (Lev. 16:5) - On the Day of Atonement, the High Priest offers a ram as a Burnt Offering. One opinion is that the ram from the Additional Offering was used. Another opinion is that a separate ram was used for this.
Bull for Idolatry (Num. 15:24) - If the Sanhedrin makes a mistake in their judgement and causes the nation to perform idol worship, a bull is brought as a Burnt Offering.