78 years ago today, the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor. This was part of a larger coordinated attack which included the US territories of the Philippines, Guam, and Wake Island, along with British Malaya, Singapore, and Hong Kong.
The attack came after a slow deterioration and breakdown of US-Japanese relations, as the US became increasingly critical of Japanese aggression in East Asia and worried about further Japanese expansionism, particularly in French Indochina and the Dutch East Indies, while France and the Netherlands were under German occupation. The fact that Japan had allied itself with Nazi Germany was also extremely troubling to the US.
The Japanese lack of oil, coupled with the US embargo, created the need for Japan to take the oil rich Dutch East Indies. However, the shipping lanes ran right alongside the US-controlled Philippines, which was deemed a threat to Japanese oil shipments and their lifeline. A pre-emptive strike was deemed necessary to protect their interests and the pursuit of their war aims.
Is it possible that another solution could have been found? Did the Japanese act too hastily, without any foresight as to what they were really getting into and how it would ultimately end in an atomic horror? Could the US have been more conciliatory and avoided war?
Or, as I've seen suggested, should the Japanese have attacked the Soviet Union instead? With the transfer of the Siberian troops to the European front, the Russians' backdoor was wide open. (The only trouble was, the Japanese needed oil immediately, and there wasn't any oil in that section of Russia.)
The attack came after a slow deterioration and breakdown of US-Japanese relations, as the US became increasingly critical of Japanese aggression in East Asia and worried about further Japanese expansionism, particularly in French Indochina and the Dutch East Indies, while France and the Netherlands were under German occupation. The fact that Japan had allied itself with Nazi Germany was also extremely troubling to the US.
The Japanese lack of oil, coupled with the US embargo, created the need for Japan to take the oil rich Dutch East Indies. However, the shipping lanes ran right alongside the US-controlled Philippines, which was deemed a threat to Japanese oil shipments and their lifeline. A pre-emptive strike was deemed necessary to protect their interests and the pursuit of their war aims.
Is it possible that another solution could have been found? Did the Japanese act too hastily, without any foresight as to what they were really getting into and how it would ultimately end in an atomic horror? Could the US have been more conciliatory and avoided war?
Or, as I've seen suggested, should the Japanese have attacked the Soviet Union instead? With the transfer of the Siberian troops to the European front, the Russians' backdoor was wide open. (The only trouble was, the Japanese needed oil immediately, and there wasn't any oil in that section of Russia.)