The problem is that most religions, when in power and feeling that their way is infinitely right and breaking their law would be an offense against God, have always enforced their beliefs contrary to what the religion in question might be actually saying. The problem is also that such religous governments tend to concentrate one thing and overlook another, example; Saudi Arabia punishes homosexuality because the Qur'an teaches that homosexuality is forbidden but at the same time the Qur'an states that religion is not compulsary. Muslims are taught that when able they are to rule their government with the teachings of God and because of the pressure of how law is to be done the Sharia was established. The Sharia is Islamic law, as elaborated by Islamic scholarship. The
Qur'an is the foremost source of
Islamic jurisprudence. The second is the
sunnah of Muhammad and the early Muslim community. The sunnah is not itself a text like the Qur'an, but is extracted by analysis of the
hadith (Arabic for "report"), or recorded oral traditions, which contain narrations of the Muhammad's sayings, deeds, and actions.
Ijma (consensus of the community of Muslims) and
qiyas (analogical reasoning) are the third and fourth sources of Sharia. Islamic law covers all aspects of life, from the broad topics of governance and foreign relations all the way down to issues of daily living. Islamic laws which were covered expressly in the Qur'an were referred to as
hudud laws. This covered the prohibition of murder, extra-marital sex, drinking of alcohol and gambling. The Qur'an also details laws of inheritance, marriage, restitution for injuries and murder, as well as rules for fasting, charity, and prayer. However, the prescriptions and prohibitions may be broad, so how they are applied in practice varies. Islamic scholars,
the ulema, have elaborated systems of law on the basis of these broad rules, supplemented by the hadith reports of how Muhammad and his companions interpreted them. In current times, not all Muslims understand the Qur'an in its original Arabic. Thus, when Muslims are divided in how to handle situations, they seek the assistance of a
mufti (Islamic judge) who can advise them based on Islamic
Sharia and hadith.