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Hadn't you asked this before? http://www.religiousforums.com/forum/hinduism-dir/136066-hindu-denominations.html#post3013938
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I think it is a Christian construct trying to explain Hinduism in a similar fashion as the Father, Son and the Holy Ghost.
Hm... it is certainly not a Christian construct, though modern view of the trimurti is probably influenced to a degree.
The trimurti gets most emphasis in the agamas and puranas with elaborate stories concerning Vishnu generating the other two, or Shiva generating the other two in the puranas, and philosophical/practical instruction on their roles and methods in the agamas.
We can see where they come from the Vedas, although the Vedic conception was more vast in scope - involving mandalas/assemblies of deities, and does not pick out 3, save obliquely - sun, moon and fire mandalas, which give rise to the trimurti, in the agamic sense.