It's been 20 years now but I studied in Montpellier for almost a year. As I was short on my dough, I had to live in a banlieue . I found the contrast between university and "home" to be very stark. Veil ban on one side, >90% Muslim immigrant poppulation on the other side. If you're born in a banlieue, you're stuck there forever, with companies refusing even to look at your job application when they see where you live. In comparison to German (main part of) society, which is strictly against racism due to having lost the war, in France, "freedom of speech" is much more "open" to racism. Some people told racist jokes when on the pilgrimage bus back from Lourdes. When I was there, it was accepted to make racisr statements to distringuish yourself from "them", to show you're French (and white). I also visited a small town whose name I've forgotten, which had 1/3 Muslim population. On that day, there was a parade for the feast of some Catholic saint. It was a bit odd, when I was there there were two different cultures, like oil and water, that didn't mix. Like I said, this was 20 years ago, but that's how I experienced it.