1. Notice the identity of these priests of God:
Exo 19:6 And you shall be to Me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation.' These are the words which you shall speak to the children of Israel."
1Pe 2:9 But you are a chosen generation, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, His own special people, that you may proclaim the praises of Him who called you out of darkness into His marvelous light;
I’ve already demonstrated how Peter’s letter was addressed to Jews and Israelites-descendants of Jacob-- from the 10 tribes, who were identified by Paul as ‘gentiles’. Just like me and those Priests from the African Lemba tribe, Jacob's descendants consist of men from every tribe, tongue, people, and nation!
Jer 11:16-17 The LORD called your name, Green Olive Tree, Lovely and of Good Fruit. With the noise of a great tumult He has kindled fire on it, And its branches are broken. 17 "For the LORD of hosts, who planted you, has pronounced doom against you for the evil of the house of Israel and of the house of Judah, which they have done against themselves to provoke Me to anger in offering incense to Baal."
2 Jeremiah prophesies branches of God’s Olive tree representing both houses would be broken. This came to pass when God divorced the house of Israel (Jer 3:8). It also occurred to part of the house of Judah in Paul’s time. Notice the testimony of Paul as he alludes to Jeremiah:
Rom 11:17 And if some of the branches [from the House of Judah] were broken off, and you
[gentiles-dispersed tribes], being a wild olive tree, were grafted in among them [Jews-House of
Judah], and with them became a partaker of the root and fatness of the olive tree,
Rom 11:24 For if you [gentiles-dispersed tribes] were “cut” out of the olive tree (Jer 11:16) which is wild by nature, and were grafted contrary to nature [phusis] into a cultivated olive tree, how much more will these [Jews], who are natural branches, be grafted into their own olive tree?
This illustration provides a visual representation of Paul’s analogy:
Paul describes how
some branches of the house of Judah and
all the branches of the house of Israel were, at different times, cut out or broken off God’s Olive Tree. In doing so, he clues us in on the physical ancestral origin of his gentile audience —the ten tribes— who were “all” cut out of “the” olive tree its branches re-planted and naturally [phusis G5449] grew into wild olive trees.
According to Strong’s and Thayer’s,
“phusis” can be defined as lineal descent or physical origin. This supports Paul’s analogy as it is a known fact that wild olive trees can be physical descendants of cultivated ones:
“ Many olive trees that seem to grow wild on the hillsides of countries bordering the Mediterraneanare, in fact, descendants of cultivated trees returned to the wild.” source
The context is certainly fitting of this definition in that according to Jer 11:16, the ancestors of Paul’s gentile audience [house of Israel] were once cut out [broken] off God’s green, cultivated olive tree (12 tribes) and replanted throughout the nations [gentiles]!
The verb “cut” [ekkopto-G1581] is in the aorist tense indicative mood. According to respected Greek Scholar and Grammarian, William Mounce, this combination connotes a past event from the author’s point of view.
Also worth noting is the presence of the Greek definite article “the” (vs 24), implying the Roman gentile congregants being cut out of a
particular olive tree in the past . Which Olive Tree could this be?
Jer 2:21 But I was the One who planted you, choosing a vine of the purest stock—the very best. How did you grow into this corrupt wild vine (NLT)
The wild olive tree which grew from the cut branches of God’s Olive Tree of which their ancestors were once a part of!
The house of Israel (wild olive tree) would be grafted back inamong some of theirphysical brothers from the house ofJudah(cultivated olive tree) who were themselves cut out, in part, during Paul’s time (Rom 11:24-25), so both houses would once again become God’s “one” GreenOlive Tree!
Verses 18-23 is a warning to the house of Israel not to become proud and complacent of their status. God can easily cut them out and graft back in the natural branches—members from the house of Judah. A key point of the analogy is grafting in can only take place between trees that are both of a common origin, such as Israel and Judah were.
Grafting in a “foreign” tree branch such as a maple tree into an olive tree stalk will not work. Similarly,
grafting in someone of different
ancestral (not national, racial, or ethnic) lineage into God’s Olive Tree
(Israel) is not in God’s plan for this age.
29 For the gifts and the calling of God are irrevocable. 30 For as you [gentiles-house of Israel] were Once disobedient to God, yet Have now obtained mercy through their [part of the house of Judah’s] disobedience, even so these also have now been disobedient, that through the mercy shown you [gentiles-house of Israel] they [house of Judah] also may obtain mercy.32 For God has committed them all [both houses] to disobedience, that He might have mercy on all [twelve tribes].
3. The 10 tribes (house of Israel) were once disobedient which is why they became gentiles. God blinded part of the house of Judah (Jews) so the house of Israel (gentiles) can be grafted into the church! In Paul’s longest epistle, he quotes from the Old Testament around 60 times, even though the epistle had been specifically addressed to “gentiles”. The chapter concludes:
Rom 11:33-36 Oh, how great are God's riches and wisdom and knowledge! How impossible it is for us to understand His decisions and His ways! 34 For who can know the LORD's thoughts? Who knows enough to give Him advice? 35 And who has given Him so much that He needs to pay it back? 36 For everything comes from Him and exists by His power and is intended for His glory. All glory to Him forever! Amen. (NLT)
Paul glorifies God’s infinite understanding, suggesting God’s plan for physical Israel is beyond the understanding of the “average” Christian. Non-Israelites will be given their chance for salvation in the next age.