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Humanism sprang from three important philosophical ideas: the idea that a conscious mind ('man') is the only determiner of truth in the world; the idea that man begins with a clean slate and, through learning, constructs himself from the ground up (nurture rather than nature); and the idea that, as the only determiner of truth, man is the primary authority in the world.What exactly is religious humanism? I have an idea, but was wondering if someone could provide a clear answer.
Individualism is a consequence of this reasoning. For the Ancients, the cosmos is infinitely more significant than its constituent parts. This can be described as 'holism', deriving from the Greek holos ('all', 'everything'). For the Moderns, there is no longer anything sacred about the All, since there is no longer any divinely ordained and harmonious cosmos within which we must find our place. Only the individual counts: we no longer have the right to sacrifice the individual in order to maintain the universal (the All), for the latter is no longer anything other than an aggregate of individuals, within which each human being remains 'an end to himself.'
So, the term individualism is far from meaning egotism, as is commonly thought; on the contrary, it is the birth of a moral sphere within which individuals--persons--are valued by their capacity to break free of the logic of their natural egoism, in order to construct a man-made ethical universe.
'A Brief History of Thought', Luc Ferry