and astronauts feel what?...on the way up
gravity, which is the effect of acceleration on their mass.
According to spaceanswers.com
'Astronauts normally experience a maximum g-force of around 3gs during a rocket launch. This is equivalent to three times the force of gravity humans are normally exposed to when on Earth but is survivable for the passengers. Astronauts are trained in high g-force, wear g-suits and must be correctly prepared.'
fighter pilots wear special adaptive suits and are trained to be able to take up to 10 Gs for a few seconds without blacking out.
Once acceleration ends, the astronauts experience free-fall, or 'zero-g'
However, if an acceleration at 1 G could be maintained, the rate of increasing speed of 32 feet per second, added every second, rapidly gives the spacecraft enough speed to escape Earth, then the Solar System, and in less than a year, approach the speed of light. All while experiencing the 1 G feel of being on Earth.