Salam
Jibt appears one time in Quran. It appears with the word "Taghut".
As it appears once, it's hard to prove by Quran what it means. Therefore I will show classical tafsirs and hadiths of what the word means.
Modern Arabic is also not the way to know, since language often changes over time. We have to go back to classical works.
Al-Suyuti collects pretty much all hadiths he can and reports from companions about verses.
We see in Dar Al-Manthur:
وأخرج الفريابي وسعيد بن منصور وعبد بن حميد وابن جرير وابن المنذر وابن أبي حاتم ورستة في الإيمان عن عمر بن الخطاب رضي الله عنه قال: الجبت الساحر، والطاغوت الشيطان
Umar - "The Jibt is the Sorcerer and Taghut is the Devil"
وأخرج عبد بن حميد وابن جرير من طرق عن مجاهد. مثله.
Same report.
وأخرج عبد بن حميد وابن أبي حاتم عن ابن عباس قال: الجبت اسم الشيطان بالحبشية، والطاغوت كهان العرب.
Ibn Abbas - "Jibt is a name for Shaitan by the Habshiya and Taghut is Kahen (a sorcerer that is in contact with Jinn and channels to people) for the Arabs"
وأخرج عبد بن حميد عن عكرمة قال: الجبت الشيطان بلسان الحبش، والطاغوت الكاهن.
AKarima - "Al-Jibt is a name for Shaiytan by the Tongue of the Habish, and Taghut is the Kahen (Sorcerer that channels Devils words to humans as well)
وأخرج ابن جرير عن سعيد بن جبير قال: الجبت الساحر بلسان الحبشة، والطاغوت الكاهن.
Jabeer- "The Jibt is the "sorcerer" in the Tongue of the Hab****a and the Taghut is the Kahen
وأخرج عن أبي العالية قال: الطاغوت الساحر، والجبت الكاهن.
Abu Al-Aelaa "The Taghut is the Sorcerer and the Jibt is Al-Kahen"
وأخرج عبد بن حميد وابن جرير عن قتادة قال: كنا نحدث أن الجبت شيطان، والطاغوت الكاهن.
Qadata "We use to narrate that Al-Jibt is the Devil and Taghut is the Kahen"
وأخرج ابن جرير وابن أبي حاتم من طريق ليث عن مجاهد قال: الجبت كعب بن الأشرف، والطاغوت الشيطان كان في صورة إنسان.
Kaab ibn Al-Ashraaf "The taghut is the Shaitain in the form of a human"
My comment:
We see that according to a certain people they called Satan 'the sorcerer'. The word Taghut is another word for Kahen which is a sorcerer but in contact with devils and channels their will through things such as card reading or divination through arrows as the Arabs use to do or even channeling words from them.
We also see it's Shaitan but in human form. That is it's his Avatar (per the final hadith), that is the human who channels Shaitain. This is Abu Lahab of the time or Gog in book of Dul-Kifl.
Why do translations hide the meaning.
The word Jibt is a saher, the word Taghut is a Kahen, but not simply any Kahen, but the one Shaitain has chosen.
These days Muslims are hidden these original meaning of words. Instead it's translated as "false deities" or "false gods" or "false idols".
This is not the original meaning though.
This all because Kahens such as Yazeed killed Imam Hussain (a) and didn't want people to see the Jibt and Taghut such himself can't be the Ulil-Amr (which is contrast of God's given authority in his chosen vs the Jibt and Taghut which is chosen by Satan).
What really supports this and verifies this, is a few verses before mentioning Al-Jibt, it says "and whoever the Devil is the close companion of, then evil is that close companion" and this was mentioned by a person who spends wealth to show off to people but does not actually believe in day of judgment or God.
So this an allusion to Shatain picking Gog/Abu Lahab from among "Muslims" in the outward, but that this Muslim was spending much wealth and famous for it, but was not spending for sake of God but deceiving people and showing off.
And The Pharaoh has two phases, Abu Lahab can be outward and manifest leader, or he can be hidden, or somewhat both, such as Yazid killing Imam Hussain (a) while proclaiming he is Muslim.
And Quran says about the Pharaoh, "And we has to be blamed" in contrast to Mohammad (s) in same Surah "And you are not to be blamed".
Those aware of Du'a Saname Quraysh, the words are "Their two Jibts and their two taghuts" (in reference two usurpers who usurped his right), by Imam Ali (a) prayer he would do in every Qunoot in every Salah during their time.
Jibt appears one time in Quran. It appears with the word "Taghut".
As it appears once, it's hard to prove by Quran what it means. Therefore I will show classical tafsirs and hadiths of what the word means.
Modern Arabic is also not the way to know, since language often changes over time. We have to go back to classical works.
Al-Suyuti collects pretty much all hadiths he can and reports from companions about verses.
We see in Dar Al-Manthur:
وأخرج الفريابي وسعيد بن منصور وعبد بن حميد وابن جرير وابن المنذر وابن أبي حاتم ورستة في الإيمان عن عمر بن الخطاب رضي الله عنه قال: الجبت الساحر، والطاغوت الشيطان
Umar - "The Jibt is the Sorcerer and Taghut is the Devil"
وأخرج عبد بن حميد وابن جرير من طرق عن مجاهد. مثله.
Same report.
وأخرج عبد بن حميد وابن أبي حاتم عن ابن عباس قال: الجبت اسم الشيطان بالحبشية، والطاغوت كهان العرب.
Ibn Abbas - "Jibt is a name for Shaitan by the Habshiya and Taghut is Kahen (a sorcerer that is in contact with Jinn and channels to people) for the Arabs"
وأخرج عبد بن حميد عن عكرمة قال: الجبت الشيطان بلسان الحبش، والطاغوت الكاهن.
AKarima - "Al-Jibt is a name for Shaiytan by the Tongue of the Habish, and Taghut is the Kahen (Sorcerer that channels Devils words to humans as well)
وأخرج ابن جرير عن سعيد بن جبير قال: الجبت الساحر بلسان الحبشة، والطاغوت الكاهن.
Jabeer- "The Jibt is the "sorcerer" in the Tongue of the Hab****a and the Taghut is the Kahen
وأخرج عن أبي العالية قال: الطاغوت الساحر، والجبت الكاهن.
Abu Al-Aelaa "The Taghut is the Sorcerer and the Jibt is Al-Kahen"
وأخرج عبد بن حميد وابن جرير عن قتادة قال: كنا نحدث أن الجبت شيطان، والطاغوت الكاهن.
Qadata "We use to narrate that Al-Jibt is the Devil and Taghut is the Kahen"
وأخرج ابن جرير وابن أبي حاتم من طريق ليث عن مجاهد قال: الجبت كعب بن الأشرف، والطاغوت الشيطان كان في صورة إنسان.
Kaab ibn Al-Ashraaf "The taghut is the Shaitain in the form of a human"
My comment:
We see that according to a certain people they called Satan 'the sorcerer'. The word Taghut is another word for Kahen which is a sorcerer but in contact with devils and channels their will through things such as card reading or divination through arrows as the Arabs use to do or even channeling words from them.
We also see it's Shaitan but in human form. That is it's his Avatar (per the final hadith), that is the human who channels Shaitain. This is Abu Lahab of the time or Gog in book of Dul-Kifl.
Why do translations hide the meaning.
The word Jibt is a saher, the word Taghut is a Kahen, but not simply any Kahen, but the one Shaitain has chosen.
These days Muslims are hidden these original meaning of words. Instead it's translated as "false deities" or "false gods" or "false idols".
This is not the original meaning though.
This all because Kahens such as Yazeed killed Imam Hussain (a) and didn't want people to see the Jibt and Taghut such himself can't be the Ulil-Amr (which is contrast of God's given authority in his chosen vs the Jibt and Taghut which is chosen by Satan).
What really supports this and verifies this, is a few verses before mentioning Al-Jibt, it says "and whoever the Devil is the close companion of, then evil is that close companion" and this was mentioned by a person who spends wealth to show off to people but does not actually believe in day of judgment or God.
So this an allusion to Shatain picking Gog/Abu Lahab from among "Muslims" in the outward, but that this Muslim was spending much wealth and famous for it, but was not spending for sake of God but deceiving people and showing off.
And The Pharaoh has two phases, Abu Lahab can be outward and manifest leader, or he can be hidden, or somewhat both, such as Yazid killing Imam Hussain (a) while proclaiming he is Muslim.
And Quran says about the Pharaoh, "And we has to be blamed" in contrast to Mohammad (s) in same Surah "And you are not to be blamed".
Those aware of Du'a Saname Quraysh, the words are "Their two Jibts and their two taghuts" (in reference two usurpers who usurped his right), by Imam Ali (a) prayer he would do in every Qunoot in every Salah during their time.