I'm not aware of any other cultures believing that your sins can be transferred to another creature for your forgiveness.
Yeah. As I said. Ethnocentrism and a lack of knowledge of other cultures is rampant.
So in addition to the Jews the Syrians had a literal scape goat practice, as did ancient Greeks who would cast out a poor person as a
pharmakos whenever something went wrong. Mesoamerican human sacrifice often had elements of scapegoating in response to natural disasters, Mesoamericans and Norse alike known to sacrifice their leadership in response to natural disaster or famine. Even in the modern era in many tribal societies "scapegoat" practices are rampant, with individuals or animals blamed for disasters befalling the whole community and who are exiled/killed/etc. in response to natural disaster.
Any culture that believed in, or still believes in witches (as is the case in many places) is basically practicing scapegoat practices. Where if something goes wrong in the community, it must be the result of someone evil hiding among the community, and that person is hunted down and put to death in the hope that the hardship befalling the community will pass.
The practice of the "scapegoat" was pretty much worldwide in older cultures, and still exists in modern tribal societies. The world outside your homeland is a big place.