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Is Psychology a real science?

LegionOnomaMoi

Veteran Member
Premium Member
Neuroscience is real science.

Most neuroscientists have doctorates in psychology.

Psychology has scientific elements to it, but as was described in the OP, it lacks a lot compared to hard sciences.

First, even if there were "five basic requirements" that defined what is or isn't scientifically rigorous, psychology fits all five given.
Second, those "hard sciences"? Guess were they're turning to for help with research? Psychologists. The study "Review of Human Studies Methods in HRI and Recommendations" (HRI = Human-Computer Interaction) starts with "This article provides an overview on planning, designing, and executing human studies for Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) that leads to ten recommendations for experimental design and study execution. Two improvements are described, using insights from the psychology and social science disciplines."

Like the larger field it belongs to (Human Computer Interaction) most of the researchers are engineers, physicists, computer scientists, and others from the natural and life sciences as well as mathematicians. They're "hard science" people. Every year, there is an HCI conference held jointly with an ever increasing number of other conferences. For example, the 14th HCI conference also included:

the Symposium on Human Interface
the 9th International Conference on Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics
the 6th International Conference on Universal Access in Human–Computer Interaction
the 4th International Conference on Virtual and Mixed Reality
the 4th International Conference on Internationalization, Design and Global Development
the 4th International Conference on Online Communities and Social Computing
the 6th International Conference on Augmented Cognition
the 3rd International Conference on Digital Human Modeling
the 2nd International Conference on Human-Centered Design
the 1st International Conference on DesignUser Experience, and Usability

They had to publish the conference proceedings in 23 volumes (and that's not taking into account the vastly larger number of poster exhibits). Yet why did they either include seminars or papers (or both) on the "how to's" of behavioral experiments? Because they don't know how to do these and require psychologists to teach them. The 2013 conference will have yet another tutorial session to introduce research methods to PhDs in the "hard sciences" who know less about behavioral research than someone who's just finished a B.A. in psych.

The three computer scientists who wrote "The Expanding Focus of HCI" reviewed existing literature and found that over half were using methods from psychology. The Applied Physics Lab, associated with Johns Hopkins, uses participant pool management software built for psychology research.

Penn State's College of Information Sciences and Technology has a guide on experiments with human subjects. As they put it "Much of what we have to say is drawn from the field of experimental psychology, but researchers in many fields make use of behavioral research methods."

At just one of those HCI events are thousands of researchers in the "hard sciences" who either learned from psychologists or are learning because psychologists, whether in personality psychology or social psychology, are the ones who invented behavioral research methods. Business schools rely on psychology for consumer experiments, engineers for everything from ergonomics to unmanned aircraft, computational sciences for language processing, and on and on. Why? Because psychologists were doing empirical research before most of these fields in the "hard sciences" existed.

But I'm sure that the Los Angeles Times is an excellent source for understanding scientific research and what qualifies.
 
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Twilight Hue

Twilight, not bright nor dark, good nor bad.
I would think yes and no applies to psychology. People do display certain behaviors and traits that can be considered testable with repeated results.
 

LegionOnomaMoi

Veteran Member
Premium Member
Science as we understand it today is a systematic organization that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of hypotheses and testable explanations about the observable world. Is there too much subjectivity in psychology to make it a formal science?

Psychology often lacks the precision and rigorousness of other sciences, such as mathematics or physics. According the the L.A. Times:
The author of this piece is the co-author of this book: Science Left Behind: Feel-Good Fallacies and the Rise of the Anti-Scientific Left.

If you aren't a psychologist, you may still be something worse than just not a scientist: you could be part of the anti-scientific Left!.

In fact, unless you are in his field or something very like it, you don't make the list:
"Admittedly, this is a tough list. But, it’s supposed to be. The standard for rigorous science should be very high. Even some fields widely accepted as scientifically rigorous don’t always measure up. Particle physics – most notably, string theory – sometimes makes predictions that are not testable with modern technology. Epidemiology often cannot perform controlled experiments, both for reasons of ethics and practicality. Epidemiologists can’t lock 20,000 people in a room for 20 years to determine if force-feeding them hot dogs will cause cancer. Instead, they rely on observational studies.
But, clearly, some social science fields hardly meet any of the above criteria." (source)

You'd think for someone so interested in technicalities he'd be able to distinguish social sciences and behavioral science. Of course, the distinction doesn't really matter and as every field is going interdisciplinary anyway the you can find physics in neuroscience and biologists doing statistical modelling. However, as none of these are science thanks to some list of criteria that can be (and has now been thanks to this idiot) applied to Intelligent Design, we can all put research into the capable hands of right-wing microbiologists, members of the True Science Avengers Brigade.
 
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Secret Chief

nirvana is samsara
In the UK, one can take psychology as either a B.Sc or a BA.

I took it as a B.Sc so I could wear a lab coat and carry out ethically dubious experiments.
 

sandandfoam

Veteran Member
I can't see why one would wish to be part of the 'real science' set up. It seems rather stuffy, exclusive and pompous.
 

LegionOnomaMoi

Veteran Member
Premium Member
I can't see why one would wish to be part of the 'real science' set up. It seems rather stuffy, exclusive and pompous.
No. People are stuck up, pompous, exclusive, etc. Religious people condemn non-believers to eternal torture. Formal linguists dismiss functional/cognitive linguists. Political parties are by definition exclusive. That's all just the human condition. Science isn't an establishment. It's a historical development from medieval scholastics and their use of developments within the Islamic empire and Greek philosophy which culminated into a systematic process for understanding the mind of god and then (after religion became more and more irrelevant) the laws of the universe.

Science is the use of logic, philosophy, and empiricism to attempt to understand. Just like Christians who display no Christian properties, Muslims who dishonor Allah and Muhammad (PBUH), politicians who preach one thing and practice another, there are scientists who fit your description and worse. Do all scientists deserve such scorn because some might deserve it?
"God's bodykins, man, much better: use every man
after his desert, and who should 'scape whipping?
Use them after your own honour and dignity: the less
they deserve, the more merit is in your bounty."
 

LegionOnomaMoi

Veteran Member
Premium Member
I think that psychologists who seek acceptance as scientists lack ambition. Psychology is far more interesting than that. Is that scorn?
I'm not sure. It could be just a lack of familiarity with psychology. Psychologists have never sought acceptance as scientists because apart from some idiot who claims that those whose political orientations are to the left are anti-science says so, I've never come across the assertion that psychologists aren't scientists. Perhaps this could be said of psychologists who, upon obtaining their degree, dedicated themselves to therapy, but even they require many years of dedicated study, including purely scientific (rather than e.g., discussions of therapeutic techniques that are more intuitive).

I recently attended the 25th APS (association for psychological science) convention. There were a few thousand others who also attended. You'd be hard pressed to find any who think that your description is more than a scornful view based on a lack of familiarity, and you could easily find quite a few who would castigate you for your view for more reasons than I care to think about. Perhaps they're all wrong. But as they are also representative of psychology, I'd imagine the complete disconnect between your (uninformed?) evaluation and their understanding is not due to a their misunderstandings of their own fields within psychology.
 

sandandfoam

Veteran Member
I'm not sure. It could be just a lack of familiarity with psychology. Psychologists have never sought acceptance as scientists because apart from some idiot who claims that those whose political orientations are to the left are anti-science says so, I've never come across the assertion that psychologists aren't scientists.

Many would argue that qualitative approaches, for example, are not scientific. So what? Why is 'science' perceived to be some sort of gold standard? Should psychology limit itself to the 'scientific'? I think doing so lacks ambition. Worse, it lacks imagination.
 

LegionOnomaMoi

Veteran Member
Premium Member
Many would argue that qualitative approaches, for example, are not scientific.
I do have a pretty serious pet peeve with the use of quantitative analysis in the social and behavioral sciences, but it has nothing to do with not using them. It has to do with the application of mathematical models and statistical techniques that are easily performed using MATLAB, SPSS, STATA, R, and similar packages which enable psychologists to use cutting-edge sophisticated computational tools with barely any knowledge of mathematics. Nor is this restricted to psychology.

However, the notion that psychology is primarily "qualitative" is without any basis whatsoever. I'd imagine it is some conception informed by reports or experience with clinical psychology or the research on it as reported in non-specialist literature. It is, however, utterly inaccurate.


So what? Why is 'science' perceived to be some sort of gold standard?
Because plagues don't wipe out half the population of Europe, because those who were once executed as witches, possessed, or otherwise dangerous are now treated through various psychological and psychiatric methods, because thanks to the discovery of germs the death rate of mothers and children decreased unbelievably quickly, because the internet you're using was a product of science, and because whatever ills science has caused are matched by philosophies and religion. That's just to start. But if you think science isn't a gold standard, feel free to treat an infection that can now be treated by picking up an antibiotic ointment, at a local pharmacy, by sawing your leg off after getting so drunk you pass out (which physicians finally realized did stop the screaming and dull the pain, but caused massive blood loss).


Should psychology limit itself to the 'scientific'? I think doing so lacks ambition. Worse, it lacks imagination.
And your familiarity with "the scientific" is?
 
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sandandfoam

Veteran Member
I do have a pretty serious pet peeve with the use of quantitative analysis in the social and behavioral sciences, but it has nothing to do with not using them. It has to do with the application of mathematical models and statistical techniques that are easily performed using MATLAB, SPSS, STATA, R, and similar packages which enable psychologists to use cutting-edge sophisticated computational tools with barely any knowledge of mathematics. Nor is this restricted to psychology.

However, the notion that psychology is primarily "qualitative" is without any basis whatsoever. I'd imagine it is some conception informed by reports or experience with clinical psychology or the research on it as reported in non-specialist literature. It is, however, utterly inaccurate.



Because plagues don't wipe out half the population of Europe, because those who were once executed as witches, possessed, or otherwise dangerous are now treated through various psychological and psychiatric methods, because thanks to the discovery of germs the death rate of mothers and children decreased unbelievably quickly, because the internet you're using was a product of science, and because whatever ills science has caused are matched by philosophies and religion. That's just to start. But if you think science isn't a gold standard, feel free to treat an infection that can now be treated by picking up an antibiotic ointment, at a local pharmacy, by sawing your leg off after getting so drunk you pass out (which physicians finally realized did stop the screaming and dull the pain, but caused massive blood loss).



And your familiarity with "the scientific" is?


No one said psychology was primarily qualitative :)

Science rests on a presumption that reality is knowable. I suggest that objectivity is an unobtainable fiction. I suggest that meaning is important. I suggest that 'science' is about power. I suggest that subjectivity is a crucial issue for psychology and I suggest that limiting psychology to the 'scientific' is lacking in ambition because it spurns phenomenology, discourse analysis, psychoanalysis and many more useful tools that might be applied to the understanding of the human mind.
I suggest that psychology can and should use quantitative methodology. But there is much more to psychology than might be revealed by experiments and statistical analysis.
 

Penumbra

Veteran Member
Premium Member
Most neuroscientists have doctorates in psychology.
Psychology is like examining a black box and learning as much about it as one can without looking inside. Understanding its functions, its outputs, its relation to its environment, etc.

To look inside the box requires a different but related area of research, like neuroscience.

First, even if there were "five basic requirements" that defined what is or isn't scientifically rigorous, psychology fits all five given.
Second, those "hard sciences"? Guess were they're turning to for help with research? Psychologists. The study "Review of Human Studies Methods in HRI and Recommendations" (HRI = Human-Computer Interaction) starts with "This article provides an overview on planning, designing, and executing human studies for Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) that leads to ten recommendations for experimental design and study execution. Two improvements are described, using insights from the psychology and social science disciplines."

Like the larger field it belongs to (Human Computer Interaction) most of the researchers are engineers, physicists, computer scientists, and others from the natural and life sciences as well as mathematicians. They're "hard science" people. Every year, there is an HCI conference held jointly with an ever increasing number of other conferences. For example, the 14th HCI conference also included:

the Symposium on Human Interface
the 9th International Conference on Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics
the 6th International Conference on Universal Access in Human–Computer Interaction
the 4th International Conference on Virtual and Mixed Reality
the 4th International Conference on Internationalization, Design and Global Development
the 4th International Conference on Online Communities and Social Computing
the 6th International Conference on Augmented Cognition
the 3rd International Conference on Digital Human Modeling
the 2nd International Conference on Human-Centered Design
the 1st International Conference on DesignUser Experience, and Usability

They had to publish the conference proceedings in 23 volumes (and that's not taking into account the vastly larger number of poster exhibits). Yet why did they either include seminars or papers (or both) on the "how to's" of behavioral experiments? Because they don't know how to do these and require psychologists to teach them. The 2013 conference will have yet another tutorial session to introduce research methods to PhDs in the "hard sciences" who know less about behavioral research than someone who's just finished a B.A. in psych.

The three computer scientists who wrote "The Expanding Focus of HCI" reviewed existing literature and found that over half were using methods from psychology. The Applied Physics Lab, associated with Johns Hopkins, uses participant pool management software built for psychology research.

Penn State's College of Information Sciences and Technology has a guide on experiments with human subjects. As they put it "Much of what we have to say is drawn from the field of experimental psychology, but researchers in many fields make use of behavioral research methods."

At just one of those HCI events are thousands of researchers in the "hard sciences" who either learned from psychologists or are learning because psychologists, whether in personality psychology or social psychology, are the ones who invented behavioral research methods. Business schools rely on psychology for consumer experiments, engineers for everything from ergonomics to unmanned aircraft, computational sciences for language processing, and on and on. Why? Because psychologists were doing empirical research before most of these fields in the "hard sciences" existed.

But I'm sure that the Los Angeles Times is an excellent source for understanding scientific research and what qualifies.
I don't think that anyone is arguing that psychology isn't helpful. I view physics and economics as both extremely important, but not directly comparable, for example.

You listed several examples where psychology blends well with other fields, and that's all true. For example, I've personally read certain psychological studies to apply it to marketing, and the psychological studies contained quantitative behavioral evidence. They didn't explain why or how, mainly just what.

You pointed out yourself how psychology has been problematic in some areas. One would think that a primary application of psychology, the study of the mind and behavior, would be to apply it to help people with mental or behavioral problems. But psychiatry as well as non-medical psychotherapy have had a very mixed track record. The fact that the DSM once included homosexuality is an easy example. Much of it is influenced by culture, and much of it is put forth in non-falsifiable ways. Falsifiability is a key part of science.

Marketing psychology is often falsifiable. Testing statistically significant groups of humans or other animals to understand their behavior in a situation is falsifiable. The application of using psychology to understand and treat mental illness; only sometimes falsifiable.
 

LegionOnomaMoi

Veteran Member
Premium Member
Psychology is like examining a black box and learning as much about it as one can without looking inside.

As opposed to quantum physics, where the way you look at it will quite literally change what it is. Franck Laloë's 100+ page paper "Do we really understand Quantum Physics?" has a final section on the interpretations and notes it is "clearly out of the question to give here an exhaustive discussion of all possible interpretations. That would probably be an impossible task!"

When I look at an fMRI in progress, the scans aren't changing the person's brain. Quantum physicists can't actually obtain a system to measure without constructing an idealized one artificially. But its a "hard" science. Right.


To look inside the box requires a different but related area of research, like neuroscience.

Again, most neuroscientists are psychologists (actually, they fall into two groups: cognitive psychologist, and everybody else- quantum physicists, philosophers, mathematicians, psychiatrists, information theorists, engineers, etc.; however, the core has always been psychology because they invented behavioral research while psychiatrists would listen to people talk about their mothers).


I don't think that anyone is arguing that psychology isn't helpful.
No. A microbiologist who co-authored a book on how "the left" is anti-science has created criteria that he claims socials sciences clearly don't meet (psychology isn't a social science), although he admits that physicists don't meet it either.

Fields have become increasingly interdisciplinary for years now. The "helpful" psychologists are behind what you wear, watch, listen to, read, and see much of the time. Because when a business wants to advertise, they turn to consumer psychologists. When tv, movie, and music producers want to test an artist's impact or understand the market, they get psychologists. When you use Google, Amazon.com, Netflix, and just about every site their is that tries to customize for you, the algorithms were developed starting back in the 40s and continued as psychologists developed and formalized learning theories which could then be applied to various computational intelligence approaches. Research on the visual system which is used in everything from graphics design to augmented cognition is again based in psychology.

Every single science that deals with humans, whether as clients or as consumers of developed products (from cars to computers to cognitive enhancement) has increasingly needed to use participants in behavioral studies in order to develop or release what will maximize profits, be the most useful, set a new trend, etc. And psychology is the behavioral science.


I view physics and economics as both extremely important, but not directly comparable, for example.
And yet they are compared by members of both fields and of neither, sometimes all in one volume. "Springer Complexity is an interdisciplinary program publishing the best research and academic-level teaching on both fundamental and applied aspects of complex systems – cutting across all traditional disciplines of the natural and life sciences, engineering, economics, medicine, neuroscience, social and computer science"

Do you have any idea how many volumes and journals Springer Complexity puts out which compare physics and economics among many other sciences, often in the same volume?

You pointed out yourself how psychology has been problematic in some areas.

The worst being probably neuroscience. Psychologists have been running and improving behavioral research for over a century. But MATLAB, R, Maple, SAS, etc., are all pretty new and the people who go into a number of sciences, even outside of the social & behavioral (although the worst cases are there) do not have the adequate understanding of mathematics for the models and techniques they use. Unfortunately, rather than either learn more or consult with a statistician, they now have the tools to perform countless tests which they only understand in that it has something to do with what they want to do. So researchers can, without ever taking calculus or linear algebra, run various pre-packaged point-and-click analyses dealing with high-dimensional data. But the worst offenders are mostly the people you seem to classify as not psychologists: those in neuroscience, visual systems, conceptual processing, psychiatry, neurology, etc. And many social scientists.

I'm the first to admit there's a whole lot of god-awful research coming out of the social and behavioral sciences. But a most of it comes from those with backgrounds in "hard sciences" and social sciences. There's a lot of awful psychology/behavioral research too, but again that is an unfortunate consequence of computational software: what used to be decent enough exposure to mathematics is now woefully inadequate because an undergrad course in stats and a grad course in multivariate stats is simply not nearly adequate given the kind of models and tests used in many studies.

One would think that a primary application of psychology, the study of the mind and behavior, would be to apply it to help people with mental or behavioral problems.

Only that hasn't been the primary application of psychology. It wasn't until around the 1960s that serious growth in clinical psychology began to rival clinicians (psychiatrists, neurologists, and social workers for the most part). Before that, most psychologists were behaviorists (hence "behavioral science"). They were the ones who created experimental designs to test theories with subjects, whether mice or Little Albert.

But psychiatry as well as non-medical psychotherapy have had a very mixed track record. The fact that the DSM once included homosexuality is an easy example.
It's an easy example of psychiatry creating a market. The DSM is published by the American Psychiatric Association. The DSM I and II were little pamphlets few used. It wasn't until the medical sciences started viewing psychiatry as not a medical field, and the social workers and mental health counselors argued that, as psychiatrists weren't practicing medicine, they shouldn't be accorded any special status, that all of a sudden the massive DSM III came out and all the disorders went from the psychoanalytic "spectrum" approach to each disorder corresponding to a specific, medical disease. There was no basis for this. We pretty much know it's wrong. Comorbidity rates are astronomical and if mental health disorders are diseases than we're experiencing the worst outbreak of disease in the history of humanity. Thankfully, the biomedical view psychiatry invented is wrong. How wrong is debatable, but it is definitely wrong. And psychologist have been fighting for years to get this strangle-hold that psychiatrists have over the mental health field removed, as there is no reason for it. Going to medical school provides far less training about the brain or mental disorders than most social workers have, let alone clinical psychologists.

Much of it is influenced by culture, and much of it is put forth in non-falsifiable ways. Falsifiability is a key part of science.

I wonder who came up with that criterion. Probably a "hard" science type. Oh wait. It was a philosopher of science.

The application of using psychology to understand and treat mental illness; only sometimes falsifiable.
You seem to equate psychology with clinical psychology. Why?
 
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Terrywoodenpic

Oldest Heretic
Science as we understand it today is a systematic organization that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of hypotheses and testable explanations about the observable world. Is there too much subjectivity in psychology to make it a formal science?

Psychology often lacks the precision and rigorousness of other sciences, such as mathematics or physics. According the the L.A. Times:

Psychology is at the same stage as a science, as blood letting was in the 19th century.
Its few successes seem to come from understandings in other fields such as pharmacology and neurology.
 

Penumbra

Veteran Member
Premium Member
As opposed to quantum physics, where the way you look at it will quite literally change what it is. Franck Laloë's 100+ page paper "Do we really understand Quantum Physics?" has a final section on the interpretations and notes it is "clearly out of the question to give here an exhaustive discussion of all possible interpretations. That would probably be an impossible task!"

When I look at an fMRI in progress, the scans aren't changing the person's brain. Quantum physicists can't actually obtain a system to measure without constructing an idealized one artificially. But its a "hard" science. Right.
You used an fMRI in your example of looking in the box. That's neuroscience, which I stated in my first post was science.

Also, I don't view theoretical physics as hard science. They don't have data and proof; they're at the forefront creating theories that at later times, sometimes become testable and then enter the realm of falsifiability.

Again, most neuroscientists are psychologists (actually, they fall into two groups: cognitive psychologist, and everybody else- quantum physicists, philosophers, mathematicians, psychiatrists, information theorists, engineers, etc.; however, the core has always been psychology because they invented behavioral research while psychiatrists would listen to people talk about their mothers).
Some financial analysts are aerospace engineers in terms of education, but that doesn't mean they do aerospace engineering. I didn't reference anyone's background; I was talking about the field itself, in this case neuroscience.

No. A microbiologist who co-authored a book on how "the left" is anti-science has created criteria that he claims socials sciences clearly don't meet (psychology isn't a social science), although he admits that physicists don't meet it either.
I'm not talking about people outside of this thread. I was talking about this thread.

Fields have become increasingly interdisciplinary for years now. The "helpful" psychologists are behind what you wear, watch, listen to, read, and see much of the time. Because when a business wants to advertise, they turn to consumer psychologists. When tv, movie, and music producers want to test an artist's impact or understand the market, they get psychologists. When you use Google, Amazon.com, Netflix, and just about every site their is that tries to customize for you, the algorithms were developed starting back in the 40s and continued as psychologists developed and formalized learning theories which could then be applied to various computational intelligence approaches. Research on the visual system which is used in everything from graphics design to augmented cognition is again based in psychology.

Every single science that deals with humans, whether as clients or as consumers of developed products (from cars to computers to cognitive enhancement) has increasingly needed to use participants in behavioral studies in order to develop or release what will maximize profits, be the most useful, set a new trend, etc. And psychology is the behavioral science.
I already acknowledged interdisciplinary usefulness.

And yet they are compared by members of both fields and of neither, sometimes all in one volume. "Springer Complexity is an interdisciplinary program publishing the best research and academic-level teaching on both fundamental and applied aspects of complex systems – cutting across all traditional disciplines of the natural and life sciences, engineering, economics, medicine, neuroscience, social and computer science"

Do you have any idea how many volumes and journals Springer Complexity puts out which compare physics and economics among many other sciences, often in the same volume?
I don't care how many volumes, though if you want to present an actual comparison here then you can do that if you want.

The worst being probably neuroscience. Psychologists have been running and improving behavioral research for over a century. But MATLAB, R, Maple, SAS, etc., are all pretty new and the people who go into a number of sciences, even outside of the social & behavioral (although the worst cases are there) do not have the adequate understanding of mathematics for the models and techniques they use. Unfortunately, rather than either learn more or consult with a statistician, they now have the tools to perform countless tests which they only understand in that it has something to do with what they want to do. So researchers can, without ever taking calculus or linear algebra, run various pre-packaged point-and-click analyses dealing with high-dimensional data. But the worst offenders are mostly the people you seem to classify as not psychologists: those in neuroscience, visual systems, conceptual processing, psychiatry, neurology, etc. And many social scientists.
Is this your personal opinion or do you have data to back this up as an empirical truth?

I'm the first to admit there's a whole lot of god-awful research coming out of the social and behavioral sciences. But a most of it comes from those with backgrounds in "hard sciences" and social sciences. There's a lot of awful psychology/behavioral research too, but again that is an unfortunate consequence of computational software: what used to be decent enough exposure to mathematics is now woefully inadequate because an undergrad course in stats and a grad course in multivariate stats is simply not nearly adequate given the kind of models and tests used in many studies.

Only that hasn't been the primary application of psychology. It wasn't until around the 1960s that serious growth in clinical psychology began to rival clinicians (psychiatrists, neurologists, and social workers for the most part). Before that, most psychologists were behaviorists (hence "behavioral science"). They were the ones who created experimental designs to test theories with subjects, whether mice or Little Albert.

It's an easy example of psychiatry creating a market. The DSM is published by the American Psychiatric Association. The DSM I and II were little pamphlets few used. It wasn't until the medical sciences started viewing psychiatry as not a medical field, and the social workers and mental health counselors argued that, as psychiatrists weren't practicing medicine, they shouldn't be accorded any special status, that all of a sudden the massive DSM III came out and all the disorders went from the psychoanalytic "spectrum" approach to each disorder corresponding to a specific, medical disease. There was no basis for this. We pretty much know it's wrong. Comorbidity rates are astronomical and if mental health disorders are diseases than we're experiencing the worst outbreak of disease in the history of humanity. Thankfully, the biomedical view psychiatry invented is wrong. How wrong is debatable, but it is definitely wrong. And psychologist have been fighting for years to get this strangle-hold that psychiatrists have over the mental health field removed, as there is no reason for it. Going to medical school provides far less training about the brain or mental disorders than most social workers have, let alone clinical psychologists.

I wonder who came up with that criterion. Probably a "hard" science type. Oh wait. It was a philosopher of science.
In your view, how would the field of psychology become a better resource for treating behavioral problems in humans, for those that pursue that area?

As an aside, getting into a long form debate with a psychologist about psychology is not all that interesting to me, to be honest. I don't mind detached debates about things, but if someone is hyper passionate about something then I have little reason to discuss it with them in this setting. Mostly the debate at this point seems to be semantics. When someone with a psychology and neuroscience background flips on an fMRI to study brain patterns in people solving puzzles or something and presents quantitative data in a report, then they're practicing science. If they're doing marketing research and they find out giving people more options reduces sales, then they are being empirical but they're not looking inside, so their results are falsifiable but their hypothesis for the cause of the issue largely is not. If they're doing psychotherapy with a person, there is a considerable portion that is art and opinion rather than empirical proof.

You seem to equate psychology with clinical psychology. Why?
That's not the context of that part of my post at all. That part of the post pointed out areas of psychology where falsifiability was typical (statistical behavioral studies for example), and areas of psychology where falsifiability was difficult or not typical (clinical settings for example).
 

The Sum of Awe

Brought to you by the moment that spacetime began.
Like Revolt said, the touchy, feely parts of it make it seems like it's not a science, but if you look closely it uses trial and error, it's goal is to advance further and help people. How is that not science?
 

LegionOnomaMoi

Veteran Member
Premium Member
You used an fMRI in your example of looking in the box. That's neuroscience, which I stated in my first post was science.
Yes. Of course, it was a psychology graduate program and most of the people in my lab, Pinker's, and Mitchell's were psychologists. Because this distinction you are making is not an accurate one.

Also, I don't view theoretical physics as hard science. They don't have data and proof; they're at the forefront creating theories that at later times, sometimes become testable and then enter the realm of falsifiability.
All physics is theoretical physics. It has to be, because no experiment can be conducted without using some form of the projection postulate or a way to justify using amplitudes rather than directly calculating probabilities.


I didn't reference anyone's background; I was talking about the field itself, in this case neuroscience.

Yes. And you're wrong.

I'm not talking about people outside of this thread. I was talking about this thread.

This thread began with a link to an article. That microbiologist wrote it. If you think that's not "about this thread", then why is the original post completely based on this microbiologist's article?

I don't care how many volumes, though if you want to present an actual comparison here then you can do that if you want.

That would require you to realize that people like Barsalou, Pinker , Libet, Caramazza, Rosch, Gazzaniga, Loftus, and a whole slew of others that are less well known make up the research you distinguish from psychology and yet are psychologists.

Is this your personal opinion or do you have data to back this up as an empirical truth?
Finally, too often the choice of test has more to do with trends than applicability or validity.

Not that this is true across the board. In fact, in addition to a number of books designed to give researchers a better understanding of the techniques they use, the last few decades have seen ever more complaints, criticisms, and warnings about the misuse of statistics within the social sciences. To give just a few examples, we have Rein Taagepera's Making Social Sciences More Scientific: The Need for Predictive Models (Oxford University Press, 2008), Peter Fayer's "Alphas, betas and skewy distributions: two ways of getting the wrong answer" (Advances in Health Science Education, vol. 16), the edited volume Measurement in the Social Sciences: Theories and Strategies (1974), Gerd Gigerenzer's "Mindless statistics" (The Journal of Socio-Economics vol. 33), Taagepera's "Adding meaning to regression" (European Political Science 10), and on and on.

The problem is that most of the people who seem to read or take such works seriously are the same people who are already aware of the problems. And that's without getting into the lack of instruction on the underlying philosophy, epistemology, and justification for standard methodological approaches.

In your view, how would the field of psychology become a better resource for treating behavioral problems in humans, for those that pursue that area?

Evidenced based practices. But as only a fraction of psychology is concerned with mental health issues, what on earth does that have to do with whether psychologists are scientists?

I don't mind detached debates about things, but if someone is hyper passionate about something then I have little reason to discuss it with them in this setting. Mostly the debate at this point seems to be semantics.
1) I'm not a psychologist. I was a grad student working in a neuropsychology lab, but had to move.
2) I have zero impetus to defend psychology itself, but I am passionate about ignorant comments generated from an L.A. Times piece written by a guy who claims "the Left" is anti-science and who made up standards which do apply to psychology and comments like yours which compare "hard" sciences from an at least equally uninformed view.

When someone with a psychology and neuroscience background flips on an fMRI to study brain patterns in people solving puzzles or something and presents quantitative data in a report, then they're practicing science.

Frequently, they aren't. Neuroscience is one of the most problematic fields in the cognitive sciences. If you don't believe me, just ask the actor Colin Firth, who has no background in any science but did co-author a neuroscience study (with a BBC colleague and a "hard" science doctor along with a specialist in the visual system).

there is a considerable portion that is art and opinion rather than empirical proof.
Possibly because scientists don't develop proofs unless they are dealing with mathematics.
 
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Penumbra

Veteran Member
Premium Member
Yes. Of course, it was a psychology graduate program and most of the people in my lab, Pinker's, and Mitchell's were psychologists. Because this distinction you are making is not an accurate one.
That's a straw man, because I didn't make the distinction between psychologists and neuroscientists, I made the distinction between psychology and neuroscience, and allowed for overlap. If someone with a PhD in psychology is using an fMRI on the nervous system, then they're practicing neuroscience (which doesn't mean they're not also practicing psychology).

All physics is theoretical physics. It has to be, because no experiment can be conducted without using some form of the projection postulate or a way to justify using amplitudes rather than directly calculating probabilities.
It's more than just theoretical that if you drop a feather and a marble in a vacuum, they should fall at the same rate. You can build a near-vacuum, and then within a very narrow margin, demonstrate with multiple objects that they fall at the same rate with an empirical report. Other researchers can then try to replicate the experiment to see if it's true.

Yes. And you're wrong.
In your opinion.

This thread began with a link to an article. That microbiologist wrote it. If you think that's not "about this thread", then why is the original post completely based on this microbiologist's article?
You're defending psychology to the thread participants, not to the microbiologist. I read the article in the OP, but the OP is asking thread participants about their views on psychology.

That would require you to realize that people like Barsalou, Pinker , Libet, Caramazza, Rosch, Gazzaniga, Loftus, and a whole slew of others that are less well known make up the research you distinguish from psychology and yet are psychologists.
I'm not sure what that has to do with the comparison of economics and physics.

Nonetheless, I'll point out again that my point is between fields, not backgrounds. Neuroscience is the study of the nervous system. If someone with a background in psychology studies the nervous system, they may be applying principles of psychology, but they're practicing the related field of neuroscience.

Evidenced based practices.
That's what many psychiatrists and clinical psychologists would say they do.

But as only a fraction of psychology is concerned with mental health issues, what on earth does that have to do with whether psychologists are scientists?
What on earth do the psychologists working on the Netflix interface have to do with whether psychologists are science? The answer is same as clinical psychologists; they're all different subsets of the field that have come up as examples and points of comparison.

1) I'm not a psychologist. I was a grad student working in a neuropsychology lab, but had to move.
2) I have zero impetus to defend psychology itself, but I am passionate about ignorant comments generated from an L.A. Times piece written by a guy who claims "the Left" is anti-science and who made up standards which do apply to psychology and comments like yours which compare "hard" sciences from an at least equally uninformed view.
You're calling me uniformed but on what basis? Because I disagree? I haven't called you uninformed. I've spent years directly working with psychologists and other professions in my facility, and part of my job entails creating the physical systems so that psychologists can do tests with them, so I work closely with them. Part of the job entails reading much of their research.

Frequently, they aren't. Neuroscience is one of the most problematic fields in the cognitive sciences. If you don't believe me, just ask the actor Colin Firth, who has no background in any science but did co-author a neuroscience study (with a BBC colleague and a "hard" science doctor along with a specialist in the visual system).
Did these colleagues have appropriate backgrounds? Was it published in a reputable journal or no? Can another team of neuroscientists follow the study, construct a similar study, and verify whether the findings are true or not? To me, those seem to be the factors that would determine the validity of the neuroscience study.

Possibly because scientists don't develop proofs unless they are dealing with mathematics.
They develop repeatable experiments. Some fields can do this. Like in neuroscience if they find out that portion X of the brain related to Y behavior is bigger in males than females by an average of 176%, and activates differently, along with more nuanced information about the samples, about the statistical ranges, about the methodology, the truth or falsity of this claim can be tested.

In psychology, it has an empirical side in certain areas. For example, marketing psychology can submit detailed reports on experiments. Their report won't typically explain why users bought X over Y; they often merely observe that they did and then speculate reasonably about maybe why this is. People designing interfaces can determine what people like and build a system that closely matches it.

I guess another way of proposing the question is: if the central nervous system of an animal were 100% understood in terms of neuroscience, including every interaction, would psychology still be relevant for that animal? If every materialistic aspect and interaction were known, such that outputs could be accurately and reliable predicted from inputs, would psychology still have a role? Unless the mind has some distinct metaphysical aspect that is separate from the physical brain, I think not.

But of course, that level of knowledge isn't going to happen in the foreseeable future. Nothing that complex is modeled or known to that level of detail. So psychology is useful, and in some contexts, is empirical, falsifiable, and testable. Other times, it may be useful but it's not empirical or falsifiable (much like theoretical physics). Psychology without neuroscience is like observing a black box and its functions without being able to look inside, which is of course useful. It does what it can with the constraints it has, and then overlaps with other fields such as neuroscience to drop those constraints.

It seems to me this debate is largely about semantics and overlap, but I do value the definitions of neuroscience and psychology such that if one is being used to verify the other, it doesn't mean they're identical.
 
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