In regards to the "big bang" theory, as part of my daughter's orientation to U.C.Berkeley, I had the opportunity to sit in on a lecture (it was packed, by the way) by a professor who is part of a project exploring such subject matter.
I am sorry, his name escapes me, he was definetly either Eastern European, Russian or such, not that it matters.
I make no claim that I understood his lecture, however there was one point which I made no mistake in understanding what he was saying and which was a theme of his theory, which is a developing conclusion not yet proven but evidential....
And that is, the origin of the universe was not the result of a big bang.
A vacuum is what caused, is causing, and will continue to cause, and may have always caused, an outward expansion of universes with gaps here and there and moves in directions based on two opposite "hot spots" with two counter opposite "cold spots" of which the cold spots "draw" the expansion in that direction between the "hot spots" like a highway but the highway is not a straight line but "circular".
I do not know the nature of this vacuum(s) but he wasn't talking about vacuum cleaners.
He also said it seems the universes "have no outward boundary" and goes on "boundless". No one will ever reach the outer edge of the "universe"(s), period, and that it was not a big bang.
Take that as you will, you can go anywhere with it, it doesn't mean his "perspective" is correct, but all I have to say is after hearing him, even though I make no claim of undedstanding his powerpoints, charts, math, et all .... I do not think it was a big bang.