Between Atman and Brahman (Self and Universal Self - One of the meanings of 'Brahma' is the universe, please note that the third God of Hindu trinity is Brahmā, the word is pronounced with an elongated 'a' at the end), there are various levels of difference and non-difference in Hinduism. From purest of pure 'duality' to purest of pure 'non-duality' which does not even accept the existence of God (i.e., yours faithfully). The Multiplicity of Madhvacharya, the in-between nature of Ramanuja's Vishishta Advaita, Nimbarkacharya's Dvaita-Advaita, Chaitanya's Bheda-Abheda Advaita, to the non-duality of Gaudapada and Sankaracharya. Acharya is one who knows the subject well and can teach. So, it is one's choice what to accept.
Jiva means two things, a living organism or soul. Atman can mean soul but it can also mean the Supreme Soul, depends on the context.The distance in most Hindu philosophies between the two is not as great or stark, as between God and humans in Abrahamic religions. Again, the believers take consciousness as something that survives the physical body after death. And the Consciousness with a capital 'C' indicates eternal Universal Consciousness. At times same, at other times different. Other members of the forum are welcome to correct me if my post needs improvement.