In a democratic country we vote for government parties to govern and have a duty of care over our affairs
I'm not sure that I agree with that. The proper role of government arguably isn't to play the role of peculiarly nonjudgmental accepting-of-everything parents over a population of people who chose to never grow up.
but each year people die from homelessness , ''froze'' to death etc .
Who's to blame for not caring and letting these people die or suffer ?
In many cases, the homeless person him or herself. But let's concentrate on those who are on the street for reasons that aren't their own fault.
I think that a large percentage of the homeless population suffer from mental illness. I don't know what the actual percentage is, whether it's more or less than 50%. Probably a great deal depends on how mental illness is diagnosed, and sadly that's still largely a matter of somebody's opinion, since there aren't any objective laboratory tests for psychiatric problems.
The same kind of population that we see on the streets today, at least the worst of them, were once housed in psychiatric hospitals. But beginning in the 1960s, these were shut down. Part of the explanation was journalistic exposés and some popular novels of the time that portrayed psychiatric asylums as hell on earth. We still see echoes of that in some of the horror movies of today. So a variety of well-meaning activists succeeded in getting most of the psychiatric hospitals shut down in favor of out-patient treatment.
The biggest problem is that
nobody really knows how to effectively treat mental illness. Certainly not the major psychoses. The best that psychiatrists and clinical psychologists can do today is drug mental patients until their worst symptoms subside. Unfortunately the drugs have such devastating side effects that most mental patients would rather live with their symptoms, or self-treat themselves with opioids that while they don't improve the symptoms, make the individual feel good and not care any longer.
These people can't work, can't support themselves, and they end up on the street.
Public assistance used to put them up in cheap hotel rooms, in the 'single room occupancy' residential hotels. But pack too many psychiatric cases into those and they turn into psychiatric hospitals without staff. People screaming incoherently out their windows, assaulting each other and harming themselves, and openly dealing drugs. The police ended being called almost every night.
Then cities everywhere tore those residential hotels down as urban renewal measures, to eliminate urban blight. In San Francisco, they were replaced with upscale condos inhabited by a whole new population. The few residential hotels remaining today are filled with recent immigrants. So the psychiatric population that was once housed with public-assistance housing vouchers in those places has been forced out onto the streets. They still receive the public-assistance housing vouchers, but there's nowhere left that have rents low enough or are even willing to take them.
Then the cities set up homeless shelters. Except that they are so sordid, so filled with raving lunatics and so dangerous that most homeless people avoid them and prefer to live with their friends in their little encampments where they can use drugs freely, face less confrontation and physical threat and aren't being hassled constantly by social workers. Homeless people tend to avoid homeless shelters, for good reason.
In past centuries, this population was largely cared for by their families. Except that the extended family disappeared 50 or 100 years ago. And more recent feminism has pretty much destroyed the nuclear family as well. Today the public schools are expected by a growing number of people to take over the child raising functions that were once exercised by parents. It's a social experiment that's unprecedented in all of human history and I don't expect it to end well.
The point being that there's no family there any longer to take care of the crazy person, except perhaps a few people at the end of their own rope and unable to cope. Most of the unhoused psychiatric population don't have anyone willing and able to take them in, except their little circles of friends on the street, their fellow crazies.
The bottom line seems to be that
nobody knows how to cure mental illness, and there's the fact that packing too many psychiatric individuals in close proximity creates severe problems of its own, not only for the individuals themselves but for the surrounding population as well. It's a problem that nobody at present knows how to solve.