For what it's worth, here is what we should expect to see under young-earth creationism.
For this exercise, I'll assume a typical young-earth Biblical creation story. If someone else has a different story, they can see what I've done below and do the same thing with theirs.
A GENERAL TIMELINE
Before we generate a hypothesized expectation of the data, we need to lay out the framework that generates it. In rough chronological order, YEC states....
In six days, approximately 6,000-10,000 years ago:
--God creates the earth. He creates water, then the sky, then land.
--God creates life on earth. He creates seed-bearing plants and fruit trees first (all after their own "kind").
--God creates the sun and the moon.
--God creates more life on earth. He creates aquatic organisms (all after their own "kind").
--God creates more life on earth. He creates terrestrial organisms (all after their own "kind", including livestock).
--God creates two humans, one male and one female.
--There is no death and everything is perfect. There are no carnivores, diseases, parasites, etc. --Humans sin, bringing death to the earth.
--This continues for around 2,000 years.
--God then floods the entire earth, killing everything except 8 people and representative specimens of each "kind".
--All subsequent humans and life on earth are descended from these survivors.
As I said, that's very basic, but should give us something upon which to base an expectation of what the data should look like if the above actually happened.
THE FOSSIL RECORD/GEOLOGIC COLUMN
Given the above, we would expect the fossil record to look something like this....
Depending on how long Adam and Eve lived in perfection before they sinned, we would either expect 1) if they lived in perfection a long time, the earliest strata would have absolutely no fossil specimens (nothing died to be fossilized), or 2) if they lived in perfection only a short time, the earliest strata would contain fossilized seed-bearing plants, fruit trees, aquatic organisms, livestock, terrestrial organisms, and some signs of human existence (perhaps not skeletal remains, but other archaeological evidence). Also, those organisms that lived in perfection only to later die should show some indications of perfection, e.g. the earliest representatives of the "cat kind" or the "shark kind" should have characteristics that allow them to be herbivorous.
Further, these early fossilized specimens would be representative of each "kind" with little variation or diversity. For example, if there were "frog", "cat", "bird", "fruit tree", etc. kinds, then the earliest strata should only show basal representatives (one or a few species) of all the "kinds". And since all "kinds" were instantaneously created in six days, representatives of each "kind" should all be mixed together in the same strata. IOW, we should see basal cats with basal theropods and such.
As we move forward in time (represented by younger strata, on top of the older strata), all "kinds" would show increasing diversity. We would also expect to see more and more indications of humans spreading across the globe during this time. This would continue until the global flood.
The global flood would be definitively marked in the geologic column by the sort of strata that we know are generated by flooding. In the midst of these strata, we would not expect to see formations that we know would be impossible under such an event, e.g. seasonal layers in lake bottoms, signs of alternating drying/wetting in areas, animal tracks, wind-blown formations, etc.
In the fossil record, we would expect to see an extraordinarily and unmistakably large increase in the numbers of fossilized organisms worldwide, all in the same strata. They would be sorted according to how they would perish in the flood. All benthic marine organisms would be found first (e.g. lobsters, clams, crabs, scallops, starfish, sea urchins, trilobites, and all the other now-extinct benthic marine species (e.g. the ones we know from the Cambrian). Terrestrial animals would generally be sorted by size/density/escapement ability. For example, large dinosaurs and elephants would be mixed together (or at least very close to each other), followed by medium sized organisms (dinosaurs and mammals) mixed together, with smaller and smaller terrestrial animals appearing in greater numbers as we go up.
Organisms that could fly would be expected later and things like eagles, pterosaurs, and bats would be mixed together.
Aquatic animals like sea otters, sea lions, ambulocetus, plesiosaurs, fish, and sharks would appear much higher as they would survive longer.
Most plants would be fossilized where they are and should merely reflect their location at the time of the flood.
The strata representing the last of the flood would contain far fewer, if any fossils, as whatever was going to die would have died.
The strata representing the first several years after the flood would contain very, very few, if any, fossils as all "kinds" are represented by either a single pair or seven individuals. Any fossils we would find should be found around the area where the ark came to rest. We would also expect almost no trace fossils (e.g. tracks, droppings).
After representatives of each "kind" reached their geographic areas (e.g. kangaroos in Australia, penguins in the Antarctic, pandas in Asia), they would reappear in the fossil record. We would then expect the fossil record to show extremely rapid evolution across the board as all species within each "kind" are produced until we see the diversity of species around us today.
So overall, we would expect each "kind" to show a general pattern of very low diversity, followed by increasing diversity, followed by massive extinction (down to a single species), followed by absence/extremely low diversity in the fossil record (any fossils should only be of the same species that rode the ark), followed by extremely rapid evolution and diversification.
The same should hold true for archaeological evidence for humans.
Also in general, we should never see any organisms that show mixtures of characteristics of different "kinds".
DATING TECHNIQUES
We would expect dating techniques to give results no older than 10,000 years.
GENETICS
We would expect comparative genetics to clearly indicate the delineations between "kinds". We would expect all "kinds" to be genetically equidistant from each other.
We would also expect every species alive on earth to show indications of the same extreme population bottleneck at the same time, when each "kind" was reduced to a single species during the flood.
HUMAN CULTURES
All pre-flood non-Semitic (or whatever Noah and family were) cultures should disappear completely, and all their remains, constructions, and other artifacts should be found buried in flood strata.
All post-flood cultures should only be able to trace their history back a few thousand years, with a pattern of the oldest cultures being in areas immediately around Noah's landing place and cultures being younger and younger the farther away they are from the landing place.
Ok, that's about all I can cover right now. I'm sure I've missed several other categories of data, but these are the main ones I wanted to cover.
