The Pentagon announced in the US Congress that there are UFOs.
Nobody knows what Dark Matter is. Nobody knows what an UFO is. But everyone knows that these are different concepts. Silly. Is Dark Matter one giant UFO in stealth mode? In the sky - Dark Matter. On Earth - UFO. Both phenomena are a mystery. Why isn't it the same?
More in:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/366464969_Dark_Matter_is_a_form_of_UFO
Very very poor non-science source without any rhyme nor reason and faulty logic. Two totally not related concepts have not rational way to put them in the same bucket.
Arguing from ignorance' and drawing conclusions of what is unknown is neither logical not rational.
Yes not everything is known about Dark Matter and Energy, but they are not complete unknowns. See the following:
By your logic 'Purple people eaters' are the same as 'Chinese dragons.'
What is Dark Matter? - Theory & Energy | Study.com
What is Dark Matter?
In astrophysics and physical cosmology, dark matter is a type of matter that corresponds to 27% of the matter-energy of the universe. Its name refers to the fact that it does not emit any electromagnetic radiation (such as light). In fact, it does not interact in any way with electromagnetic radiation, being completely transparent throughout the electromagnetic spectrum. Its existence can be deduced from its gravitational effects on visible matter, such as stars or galaxies, as well as on the anisotropies (fluctuations) of the cosmic microwave background present in the universe.
Dark matter was proposed by Fritz Zwicky in 1933 in response to evidence of an "unseen mass" influencing the orbital velocities of galaxies in clusters. Subsequently, other observations have indicated the presence of dark matter in the universe: these observations include the aforementioned rotational velocity of galaxies, the gravitational lensing of background objects by galaxy clusters, and the temperature distribution of hot gas in galaxies and galaxy clusters.
Often the different definitions of what constitutes the universe generate many doubts, so it is important to mention that there are sharp differences between dark matter vs antimatter. Antimatter is already a well-defined and known concept in physics and is formed by baryonic matter. Moreover, it can already be observed and created in laboratory experiments. The elementary constitution of dark matter, however, is still a mystery, as it cannot be easily detected and manipulated. This way is still a challenge to really determine what is dark matter.
Although it is already possible to estimate how much of the universe is dark matter, at present, there is no completely satisfactory answer as to what dark matter is made of. However, scientists have chosen a few candidates:
- Neutralino: This is a hypothetical particle that appears in supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model. In supersymmetry, each Standard Model particle has a partner called a superpartner. Neutralinos actually refer to four (or more) specific particles that have the properties of being electrically neutral and fermions and are also superpartners of the Photon, the Z boson, and the Higgs boson.
- Neutrino: These are subatomic particles that are devoid of electric charge, extremely light, and exist in enormous abundance in nature.
- Axion: This is a hypothetical particle that appears in formulations that extend the Standard Model of Particle Physics and include the so-called Peccei-Quinn mechanism. The axion is a neutral and very light (but not massless) particle, and does not interact, or interacts very weakly, with conventional matter.
This set of particles is called WIMP. The term WIMP encompasses several hypothetical dark matter particles. The term is an acronym for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles, encompassing the idea that dark matter particles do not interact with each other.
Although the theory with WIMP is the most accepted one for explaining the composition of dark matter, in astrophysics, another well-discussed idea, but now discounted, is that dark matter would be formed by MACHOs. In astrophysics, MACHOs (Massive Astrophysical Compact Halo Objects) are any of the types of astronomical bodies that can be used to explain the presence of dark matter in galactic halos, i.e., it is a general name for massive objects of baryonic matter that are difficult to detect.
Dark Energy
Until the end of the last century, astronomers thought that the expansion of the universe must be occurring at a slower rate, due to the gravitational pull of the matter that makes up the universe. However, recent observations of supernovae in distant galaxies have shown otherwise, that is, that the universe is expanding at an accelerated rate. Thus, the more time passes, the faster the galaxies move away from each other. This has led scientists to think that the universe may be dominated by a form of energy with negative pressure, which acts in the opposite direction to gravity, and which has been accelerating the expansion of the universe for the last 5 billion years. This is what dark energy is.
When Einstein tried to apply his theory of General Relativity to the universe, he found an expanding universe, quite different from the view of the time, where the universe was something static, that always existed and always was going to exist. Because of this view, Einstein added a term to his equation that became known as the cosmological constant. The cosmological constant made it possible to describe an unexpanded universe through General Relativity. However, with the observations made by Edwin Hubble, it was discovered that the further away the stars are from the Earth, the faster they are moving away, which points to an expanding universe.
Although both are a mystery to cosmology, it is important to distinguish between dark matter vs dark energy. Dark matter, just like normal matter (made of protons, neutrons, and electrons), has gravity, exerting a force of attraction on matter. It is called dark because it does not emit electromagnetic radiation, and therefore cannot be detected in any band of the electromagnetic spectrum. Dark energy, on the other hand, causes repulsion on matter. Dark energy makes up about 68% of the universe and, ironically, is the component of the universe that is least known about. However, its understanding is fundamental to cosmology, since it explains many features of the universe, such as its geometric shape, its age, and even how its expansion became accelerated.
Other attempts to explain dark energy involve the so-called quintessence. In this context, the quintessence would be a form of dark energy that is not determined by a cosmological constant but by a scalar field. This scalar field would be associated with a fifth element, fluid and dynamic, which would be the cause of the expansion of the universe. Although some studies have already identified the presence of the quintessence, many complementary studies are still to be carried out.
Dark Matter in Science
Currently, many scientific efforts are being made in order to expand our knowledge about the universe. Although these are concepts that have not been fully explained, we can develop a timeline for the studies of dark matter and dark energy.
