Actually I think that it social environment plays a major role in childhood development. But in many cases I can't say whether something is purely biological or not. I have read books that say that there are common psychological markers throughout the species, which is why we can predict general human behaviour so well. For instance tribalism is a natural psychological disposition that humans have that can be capitalised on. The very fact that humans can be socially engineered means that there has to be something that is passed genetically onto humans that makes us react in certain ways to certain things.
I am less concerned about infants varying along gender lines and more concerned if people's have actions and preferences informed by their sex.
(my emphasis)
Of course they do!
Duh!
We are having our entire lives - our behavior, our values, the way we see ourselves and others, the way we judge and are judged, the way we walk, talk, love, hate, befriend - gendered from a very early age on. We are informed every day in our waking life what is expected of people of our gender, what we must do to conform to these expectations, and how little we are worth if we fail to conform to - or, worse, consciously reject - the roles we have been assigned.
It would be patently
absurd to suggest that most kids, sensitive as they are to other people's expectations of them, would utterly fail to pick up on this entire spectrum of emotions and information they are being bombarded with.
So as a basic topic would be are human males more prone towards aggressive behaviour and are human females more prone to nurturing?
If that has scientific basis then does that follow through with human males being more prone to playing with action figures because of aggression and girls preferring to play with baby dolls because they are prone to nurturing things.
What do you mean by them being "prone to" behavior here?
- Are you argueing that their behavior is genetically determined?
- Are you saying they were raised in a specific fashion?
- Did they have certain expectations of behavior impressed upon them by a wide variety of public and private institutions?
- Or were these behaviors subtly suggested by advertisement or propaganda?
All of these mean very different things, but all could be contained in this little phrase that men or women are "prone to" this or that.
In earlier times, men were "prone to" drink and smoke cigarettes (and were being consciously marketed to for that reason) but does that mean they were genetically predisposed to such behavior, presumably by their innate aggression and manliness? Or was it a case of men attempting to conform to a widely publicized image of what it looked like to be a manly man who did manly things?
On the other hand, women are, to this day, "prone to" be paid a lot less for the same work that men do, for a wide variety of reasons that all seem to coalesce around the fact of their gender. Does that mean they are genetically predisposed to be put down by capitalists and exploited even worse than their male counterparts among the working class? Is it because of their inherent feminine nature that they do not fight as fervently for their wages as their manly aggressive colleagues? Is it some God's divine plan that female work is valued less by men and women alike?
Can you see the fundamental problem with your overgeneralizing approach here? We are driving at high speed over all these bumps and holes in your assumptions as if they didn't exist, completely ignorant of the patchwork nature of the argumentative roadmap we have laid out in front of us.
Now, I don't remember saying that I leaned towards one direction or the other. I have specifically said in my last response that I do not know if it is genetic or social in many instances.
I would speculate that natural psychology comes evolution. I would disagree that the toy distinction that we are talking about is necessarily only a Western tradition. Most cultures have a distinction between male and female. For instance in most tribal cultures the men do the hunting while the women stay at home to look after children. Religions also have gender distinctions that are similar, such as Western civilisations, Middle Eastern ones, Far Eastern ones and African ones. Judaism, Christianity and Islam are all from the Middle East, The Incas are from America, Hinduism from India, Bantu religions from Africa. They all had these basic gender distinctions. And if that is common throughout the world, then there is probably a genetic reason why. For instance women had to bear children in the past therefore had to be protected whereas as men were physically stronger so they had to defend the tribe and protect the women. That is genetics informing the social structure and roles. Whether that is relevant today at a time where technology makes those distinctions irrelevant is another topic.
Obviously there are exceptions to both these points which I highlighted in my Gender Map thread I started.
I can only reiterate on what I already said in the Gender Map thread:
Most cultures have gender roles that do not map
exactly to our Western ones. They may look similar when viewed very broadly and superficially, especially when we want to confirm our belief that Western cultural values are eternal and universal.
But if we go deeper and look more closely, we will start to see that, for example, it is perfectly fine for a Middle Eastern man to cry in public during times of distress - in fact in some situations a certain performative display of passion is almost expected. The same cannot be said about the Western man, whose manliness stems to a large part from being stoic and dispassionate, with aggression being the only culturally accepted outlet of male emotion most of the time.
Even in the West, the markers we currently use to signify manliness or feminity have changed significantly over the last 100-150 years, and are still changing with our cultural attitudes towards gender, masculinity and feminity. These days, at the very least displays of fatherly and brotherly love seem to have become acceptable within manly-male circles, when that was not necessarily the case when viewing cultural artifacts of the 1950s or 1960s.
Put simply, gender roles in modern Western society are neither universal nor unchanging, they were not put in our heads by a divine figure, nor were they a result of genetic inheritance or mutation.
They are intersubjective, culturally tradited practices that can change and shift, acquire and lose meaning over time, be transported or pushed upon others, or may even die out over time.