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What is Apocalyptic Literature?

sooda

Veteran Member
Is there a difference between apocalyptic literature and prophecy?

Apocalyptic literature, literary genre that foretells supernaturally inspired cataclysmic events that will transpire at the end of the world. A product of the Judeo-Christian tradition, apocalyptic literature is characteristically pseudonymous; it takes narrative form, employs esoteric language, expresses a pessimistic view of the present, and treats the final events as imminent .

excerpt:

Apocalyptic literature | literary genre

The earliest apocalypses are Jewish works that date from about 200 bce to about 165 bce. Whereas earlier Jewish writers, the Prophets, had foretold the coming of disasters, often in esoteric language, they neither placed these disasters in a narrative framework nor conceived of them in eschatological terms.

During the time of the Hellenistic domination of Palestine and the revolt of the Maccabees, however, a pessimistic view of the present became coupled with an expectation of an apocalyptic scenario, which is characterized by an imminent crisis, a universal judgment, and a supernatural resolution.

The most famous and influential of the early Jewish apocalypses is the last part of the biblical Book of Daniel (chapters 7–12), written about 167 bce and attributed to a revered wise man who supposedly lived some four centuries earlier at the time of the Babylonian captivity. “Daniel” recounts a series of visions, the first of which (chapter 7) is the most succinct.


He sees a succession of four terrible beasts, evidently representing a succession of earthly persecutors culminating in the contemporary Hellenistic tyrant Antiochus IV Epiphanes (the “eleventh horn” of the fourth beast).


Daniel then sees the destruction of the last beast by the “Ancient of Days” and the coming of “one like the Son of Man,” to whom is given “everlasting dominion that shall not pass away” and whose kingdom will be inhabited by “the people of the saints,” who will forever serve and obey him.
 
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sooda

Veteran Member
  1. First is the biblical stage of the genre. The first known record of apocalyptic literature is Isaiah 24:40. It then continues sporadically throughout the book and the ending of Isaiah contains an apocalyptic vision of the New City.

  2. The Tanakh contains other apocalyptic sections in Joel 2, Daniel 7-12, the last half of Zechariah, and Ezekiel's valley of dry bones.

  3. After this period, the genre further developed after the Exile’s end. Extra-biblical apocalyptic was encouraged by contact with Persian Dualism (a war between two, uncreated beings, one evil and one good). However, Biblical theology shows the Kingdom being established in our humility.

  4. During the Greek persecution, the popularity of apocalyptic literature exploded. This is understandable as the genre teaches God will deliver believers from the direst straits, and these persecutions were harsh.

  5. The genre remained popular for so long because of the intense persecution. It was a favorite of certain Jewish sects, such as the Essenes. (Apocalyptic writings are everywhere at Qumran. Most known Jewish apocalypses from the BC era have been found at Qumran and many such as War Between the Sons of Light and the Sons of Darkness are unique to Qumran).
  6. The proponents of the sects were trying to establish a prophetic line culminating in themselves. Writers would also choose the apocalyptic genre as it encouraged readers in times of persecution. On the other hand, the rabbis tried to squelch the genre as they saw it encouraging revolt among the populace. They had no love for Rome but knew the people would be overrun when revolt came.

  7. What is "apocalyptic" literature?
 

Brickjectivity

wind and rain touch not this brain
Staff member
Premium Member
Is there a difference between apocalyptic literature and prophecy?

Apocalyptic literature, literary genre that foretells supernaturally inspired cataclysmic events that will transpire at the end of the world. A product of the Judeo-Christian tradition, apocalyptic literature is characteristically pseudonymous; it takes narrative form, employs esoteric language, expresses a pessimistic view of the present, and treats the final events as imminent .

excerpt:

Apocalyptic literature | literary genre

The earliest apocalypses are Jewish works that date from about 200 bce to about 165 bce. Whereas earlier Jewish writers, the Prophets, had foretold the coming of disasters, often in esoteric language, they neither placed these disasters in a narrative framework nor conceived of them in eschatological terms.

During the time of the Hellenistic domination of Palestine and the revolt of the Maccabees, however, a pessimistic view of the present became coupled with an expectation of an apocalyptic scenario, which is characterized by an imminent crisis, a universal judgment, and a supernatural resolution.

The most famous and influential of the early Jewish apocalypses is the last part of the biblical Book of Daniel (chapters 7–12), written about 167 bce and attributed to a revered wise man who supposedly lived some four centuries earlier at the time of the Babylonian captivity. “Daniel” recounts a series of visions, the first of which (chapter 7) is the most succinct.


He sees a succession of four terrible beasts, evidently representing a succession of earthly persecutors culminating in the contemporary Hellenistic tyrant Antiochus IV Epiphanes (the “eleventh horn” of the fourth beast).


Daniel then sees the destruction of the last beast by the “Ancient of Days” and the coming of “one like the Son of Man,” to whom is given “everlasting dominion that shall not pass away” and whose kingdom will be inhabited by “the people of the saints,” who will forever serve and obey him.
They (probably) grow out of the belief that Jews must go through cycles of purification. You can see glimmers of this in the story of Moses and the songs and the warnings of Moses. Its in the Pentateuch that Israel will go through these cycles where it keeps the Torah and prospers, then due to the prosperity will flag in its devotion to the Torah, suffer, then repent and return to the Torah. The prophets such as Isaiah and Jeremiah comment on it. Isaiah comments (NIV Isaiah 48:10) "...See, I have refined you, though not as silver; I have tested you in the furnace of affliction...." The Psalms sing about it. Its the cycle alluded to in Proverbs which talks about the rain water cycle, and its also alluded to symbolically by the budding of Aaron's almond rod and the branch snatched from the flames in Zechariah 3:2 and Amos 4:11. Its alluded to by the bones in Ezekiel 37. It is this cycle which begins and is a part of the Apocalyptic literature which describes not the end of Israel but the ends of ages.

Revelation is no exception to this and should be viewed as describing a cycle, not world History. Now...maybe it views Constantine as being in the cycle; and maybe it views the end of a cycle in some other way such as the destruction of the Temple. Revelation borrows from the symbolism of Joshua's march around Jericho, an endless march the end of which is unknown to Joshua until the day of victory. This is represented by 7 as Joshua passes 7 times around the city. Revelation, similarly, focuses upon the number 7. There are 7 seals, 7 angels, 7 this and that. Revelation like the other apocalyptic literature emphasizes purification: "2/3 of the stars fell from heaven." Much like the wandering of the Israelites in the desert where they go round and round for forty years instead of the 11 days it should have taken to reach Caanan.

The idea of Apocalyptic literature is not of the end of the cycles but of one cycle each time round.
 

sooda

Veteran Member
They (probably) grow out of the belief that Jews must go through cycles of purification. You can see glimmers of this in the story of Moses and the songs and the warnings of Moses.

Its in the Pentateuch that Israel will go through these cycles where it keeps the Torah and prospers, then due to the prosperity will flag in its devotion to the Torah, suffer, then repent and return to the Torah. The prophets such as Isaiah and Jeremiah comment on it. Isaiah comments (NIV Isaiah 48:10) "...See, I have refined you, though not as silver; I have tested you in the furnace of affliction...." The Psalms sing about it. Its the cycle alluded to in Proverbs which talks about the rain water cycle, and its also alluded to symbolically by the budding of Aaron's almond rod and the branch snatched from the flames in Zechariah 3:2 and Amos 4:11. Its alluded to by the bones in Ezekiel 37. It is this cycle which begins and is a part of the Apocalyptic literature which describes not the end of Israel but the ends of ages.

Revelation is no exception to this and should be viewed as describing a cycle, not world History. Now...maybe it views Constantine as being in the cycle; and maybe it views the end of a cycle in some other way such as the destruction of the Temple.

Revelation borrows from the symbolism of Joshua's march around Jericho, an endless march the end of which is unknown to Joshua until the day of victory.

This is represented by 7 as Joshua passes 7 times around the city. Revelation, similarly, focuses upon the number 7. There are 7 seals, 7 angels, 7 this and that. Revelation like the other apocalyptic literature emphasizes purification: "2/3 of the stars fell from heaven."

Much like the wandering of the Israelites in the desert where they go round and round for forty years instead of the 11 days it should have taken to reach Caanan.

The idea of Apocalyptic literature is not of the end of the cycles but of one cycle each time round.

Makes sense to me.. and really its less than a two week walk from Egypt to Canaan.

I don't see the end of the world in Daniel or Revelation.

If it weren't so bloody confusing, there wouldn't be such controversy.
 

Brickjectivity

wind and rain touch not this brain
Staff member
Premium Member
Makes sense to me.. and really its less than a two week walk from Egypt to Canaan.

I don't see the end of the world in Daniel or Revelation.

If it weren't so bloody confusing, there wouldn't be such controversy.
I don't think the writing style is the source of the confusion. Politics thrives on confusion, particularly anything that can divide people into two camps. You simply take an issue that has been clear and uninteresting, such as the benefits of hemp; and you demonize it by misleading suggestions. By so doing you force people to make a decision, and then you get them to turn on one another. The case with apocalyptic writing is similar I think.
 

sooda

Veteran Member
I don't think the writing style is the source of the confusion. Politics thrives on confusion, particularly anything that can divide people into two camps. You simply take an issue that has been clear and uninteresting, such as the benefits of hemp; and you demonize it by misleading suggestions. By so doing you force people to make a decision, and then you get them to turn on one another. The case with apocalyptic writing is similar I think.

Ah.. nothing changes but the gadgetry. Very astute of you. I'll have to think about that.
 

Brickjectivity

wind and rain touch not this brain
Staff member
Premium Member
Ah.. nothing changes but the gadgetry. Very astute of you. I'll have to think about that.
Thanks for the compliment. If you ever get a chance, take a look at this book.
A History of the Baptists

I used to have a used copy, but I got rid of it along with some other boxes of books. :( It gives some history of the many, many strange divisions of the Baptist churches in USA history. They would split, and the two split churches would have names like "The Printing Baptists" and "The Non-Printing Baptists." Literally they would get divided very frequently, thousands of times over minutia; but they were very sincere believers. They were vulnerable to shenanigans by opportunistic personalities. These were hard working, decent, thoughtful people.
 

Brickjectivity

wind and rain touch not this brain
Staff member
Premium Member
Any relation to the Vedic concept of Yugas?
I am not well read on that, but it would depend on what you feel Yugas are. Also there are some scholars who feel that the NT (Christian) writers follow the astrological ages where there are 12 repeating ages. I don't know what they are talking about or remember their reasoning. If I have heard correctly 'Yugas' represent a complete return through near identical ages. Although the apocalypses represent cycles those cycles are purification leading to some unknown point in time in which purification is complete forever. They are compared to the preparation of silver which takes multiple purifications but is eventually purified. In the story I related about Joshua he led Israel around a city called Jericho an unknown number of times, but when he reached the seventh cycle the walls of the city collapsed inward. He had just come from a situation of circling the desert for 40 years, so he probably was prepared for another 40 circling Jericho. His patience and endurance doing seemingly monotonous and repetitious things was eventually rewarded, so the cycles eventually accomplished something and were not an end of themselves only Joshua did not know when the cycles would end. I think he did expect a completion eventually. I think the apocalyptic works are the same way. I do not know if that is the same as the Yugas or not.
 
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