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"Stephen Hawking’s Final Paper was Just Published — and it’s Mindblowing"

Skwim

Veteran Member
.

"Before the eminent physicist died at age 76, Hawking completed a paper that describes a reality made up of multiple universes, but which are not too different to our own. This is Stephen Hawking’s final theory of the cosmos, a work that proposes to simplify the evolution of the last 13.8 billion years since time exists.

The new work is the result of a collaboration with Thomas Hertog, who is a Belgian physicist at the Catholic University of Leuven. The pair’s theory is sophisticated (and quite speculative) but not all that difficult to explain. You might have heard about the Big Bang, but modern physics has actually multiple, alternative theories that explain how our universe came to be. One multiverse theory suggests that right after the Big Bang, repeated bursts of ‘cosmic inflation’ occurred which seeded an endless number of pocket universes.

“The usual theory of eternal inflation predicts that globally our universe is like an infinite fractal, with a mosaic of different pocket universes separated by an inflating ocean,” Hawking said in late 2017.

“The local laws of physics and chemistry can differ from one pocket universe to another, which together would form a multiverse. But I have never been a fan of the multiverse. If the scale of different universes in the multiverse is large or infinite the theory can’t be tested.”
In their new paper, Hawking and Hertog came up with a different take. They propose that the pocket universes that fill space do not employ radically different laws of physics but rather these alternate universe may not actually vary that much from one another. By reducing the multiverse down to a more manageable set of universes which all resemble each other, scientists now have a better chance of arriving at a fully predictive framework of cosmology.

According to the two physicists’ new paper, the eternal inflation model is wrong since Einstein’s theory of general relativity breaks down on quantum scales.

“The problem with the usual account of eternal inflation is that it assumes an existing background universe that evolves according to Einstein’s theory of general relativity and treats the quantum effects as small fluctuations around this,” Hertog explained.

“However, the dynamics of eternal inflation wipes out the separation between classical and quantum physics. As a consequence, Einstein’s theory breaks down in eternal inflation.”
The new paper is based on work done by Hawking and US physicist James Hartle in the 1980s. The theory was revisited and updated with more powerful mathematical techniques used in string theory, where reality is described through the interaction of one-dimensional objects called cosmic strings. Ultimately, this allowed the physicists to reduce eternal inflation to a timeless state on a spatial surface.

“When we trace the evolution of our universe backwards in time, at some point we arrive at the threshold of eternal inflation, where our familiar notion of time ceases to have any meaning,” said Hertog.
Hertog says that the work he’s done with Hawking brings humanity one step closer to understanding the origin of the cosmos. Their assertions could be experimentally tested one day since the theory predicts that if the universe evolved as described, then telltale signs should be recorded in gravitational waves or in the cosmic microwave background, the radiation released by the Big Bang.

“We are not down to a single, unique universe, but our findings imply a significant reduction of the multiverse, to a much smaller range of possible universes,”
said Hawking.​
source

.
 

BSM1

What? Me worry?
As the paper was nearing completion Hawking was purport to say "We're rollin' now!" (Sorry. Too soon? I couldn't help myself.)
 

URAVIP2ME

Veteran Member
“The usual theory of eternal inflation predicts that globally our universe is like an infinite fractal, with a mosaic of different pocket universes separated by an inflating ocean,” Hawking said in late 2017.
“The local laws of physics and chemistry can differ from one pocket universe to another, which together would form a multiverse. But I have never been a fan of the multiverse. If the scale of different universes in the multiverse is large or infinite the theory can’t be tested.”
In their new paper, Hawking and Hertog came up with a different take. They propose that the pocket universes that fill space do not employ radically different laws of physics but rather these alternate universe may not actually vary that much from one another. By reducing the multiverse down to a more manageable set of universes which all resemble each other, scientists now have a better chance of arriving at a fully predictive framework of cosmology.
According to the two physicists’ new paper, the eternal inflation model is wrong since Einstein’s theory of general relativity breaks down on quantum scales.
“The problem with the usual account of eternal inflation is that it assumes an existing background universe that evolves according to Einstein’s theory of general relativity and treats the quantum effects as small fluctuations around this,” Hertog explained.
“However, the dynamics of eternal inflation wipes out the separation between classical and quantum physics. As a consequence, Einstein’s theory breaks down in eternal inflation.”
The new paper is based on work done by Hawking and US physicist James Hartle in the 1980s. The theory was revisited and updated with more powerful mathematical techniques used in string theory, where reality is described through the interaction of one-dimensional objects called cosmic strings. Ultimately, this allowed the physicists to reduce eternal inflation to a timeless state on a spatial surface.
“When we trace the evolution of our universe backwards in time, at some point we arrive at the threshold of eternal inflation, where our familiar notion of time ceases to have any meaning,” said Hertog.​
Hertog says that the work he’s done with Hawking brings humanity one step closer to understanding the origin of the cosmos. Their assertions could be experimentally tested one day since the theory predicts that if the universe evolved as described, then telltale signs should be recorded in gravitational waves or in the cosmic microwave background, the radiation released by the Big Bang.
“We are not down to a single, unique universe, but our findings imply a significant reduction of the multiverse, to a much smaller range of possible universes,” said Hawking.​
source
.
Reading the words ' eternal inflation ' (everlasting inflation) reminds me of the words found at Job 9:8; Job 26:7 that God 'stretches out the heavens'.
The Psalmist agrees at Psalms 104:2
Jeremiah agrees at Jeremiah 10:12 B; Jeremiah 51:15 B.
Isaiah agrees at Isaiah 40:22 B; Isaiah 42:5; Isaiah 44:24; Isaiah 51:13 A.
and Zechariah agrees at Zechariah 12:1
 

shmogie

Well-Known Member
.

"Before the eminent physicist died at age 76, Hawking completed a paper that describes a reality made up of multiple universes, but which are not too different to our own. This is Stephen Hawking’s final theory of the cosmos, a work that proposes to simplify the evolution of the last 13.8 billion years since time exists.

The new work is the result of a collaboration with Thomas Hertog, who is a Belgian physicist at the Catholic University of Leuven. The pair’s theory is sophisticated (and quite speculative) but not all that difficult to explain. You might have heard about the Big Bang, but modern physics has actually multiple, alternative theories that explain how our universe came to be. One multiverse theory suggests that right after the Big Bang, repeated bursts of ‘cosmic inflation’ occurred which seeded an endless number of pocket universes.

“The usual theory of eternal inflation predicts that globally our universe is like an infinite fractal, with a mosaic of different pocket universes separated by an inflating ocean,” Hawking said in late 2017.

“The local laws of physics and chemistry can differ from one pocket universe to another, which together would form a multiverse. But I have never been a fan of the multiverse. If the scale of different universes in the multiverse is large or infinite the theory can’t be tested.”
In their new paper, Hawking and Hertog came up with a different take. They propose that the pocket universes that fill space do not employ radically different laws of physics but rather these alternate universe may not actually vary that much from one another. By reducing the multiverse down to a more manageable set of universes which all resemble each other, scientists now have a better chance of arriving at a fully predictive framework of cosmology.

According to the two physicists’ new paper, the eternal inflation model is wrong since Einstein’s theory of general relativity breaks down on quantum scales.

“The problem with the usual account of eternal inflation is that it assumes an existing background universe that evolves according to Einstein’s theory of general relativity and treats the quantum effects as small fluctuations around this,” Hertog explained.

“However, the dynamics of eternal inflation wipes out the separation between classical and quantum physics. As a consequence, Einstein’s theory breaks down in eternal inflation.”
The new paper is based on work done by Hawking and US physicist James Hartle in the 1980s. The theory was revisited and updated with more powerful mathematical techniques used in string theory, where reality is described through the interaction of one-dimensional objects called cosmic strings. Ultimately, this allowed the physicists to reduce eternal inflation to a timeless state on a spatial surface.

“When we trace the evolution of our universe backwards in time, at some point we arrive at the threshold of eternal inflation, where our familiar notion of time ceases to have any meaning,” said Hertog.
Hertog says that the work he’s done with Hawking brings humanity one step closer to understanding the origin of the cosmos. Their assertions could be experimentally tested one day since the theory predicts that if the universe evolved as described, then telltale signs should be recorded in gravitational waves or in the cosmic microwave background, the radiation released by the Big Bang.

“We are not down to a single, unique universe, but our findings imply a significant reduction of the multiverse, to a much smaller range of possible universes,”
said Hawking.​
source

.
I love Hawking, but here we have his ideas/opinions that are totally unverifiable, testable, or observable.
 

David T

Well-Known Member
Premium Member
.

"Before the eminent physicist died at age 76, Hawking completed a paper that describes a reality made up of multiple universes, but which are not too different to our own. This is Stephen Hawking’s final theory of the cosmos, a work that proposes to simplify the evolution of the last 13.8 billion years since time exists.

The new work is the result of a collaboration with Thomas Hertog, who is a Belgian physicist at the Catholic University of Leuven. The pair’s theory is sophisticated (and quite speculative) but not all that difficult to explain. You might have heard about the Big Bang, but modern physics has actually multiple, alternative theories that explain how our universe came to be. One multiverse theory suggests that right after the Big Bang, repeated bursts of ‘cosmic inflation’ occurred which seeded an endless number of pocket universes.

“The usual theory of eternal inflation predicts that globally our universe is like an infinite fractal, with a mosaic of different pocket universes separated by an inflating ocean,” Hawking said in late 2017.

“The local laws of physics and chemistry can differ from one pocket universe to another, which together would form a multiverse. But I have never been a fan of the multiverse. If the scale of different universes in the multiverse is large or infinite the theory can’t be tested.”
In their new paper, Hawking and Hertog came up with a different take. They propose that the pocket universes that fill space do not employ radically different laws of physics but rather these alternate universe may not actually vary that much from one another. By reducing the multiverse down to a more manageable set of universes which all resemble each other, scientists now have a better chance of arriving at a fully predictive framework of cosmology.

According to the two physicists’ new paper, the eternal inflation model is wrong since Einstein’s theory of general relativity breaks down on quantum scales.

“The problem with the usual account of eternal inflation is that it assumes an existing background universe that evolves according to Einstein’s theory of general relativity and treats the quantum effects as small fluctuations around this,” Hertog explained.

“However, the dynamics of eternal inflation wipes out the separation between classical and quantum physics. As a consequence, Einstein’s theory breaks down in eternal inflation.”
The new paper is based on work done by Hawking and US physicist James Hartle in the 1980s. The theory was revisited and updated with more powerful mathematical techniques used in string theory, where reality is described through the interaction of one-dimensional objects called cosmic strings. Ultimately, this allowed the physicists to reduce eternal inflation to a timeless state on a spatial surface.

“When we trace the evolution of our universe backwards in time, at some point we arrive at the threshold of eternal inflation, where our familiar notion of time ceases to have any meaning,” said Hertog.
Hertog says that the work he’s done with Hawking brings humanity one step closer to understanding the origin of the cosmos. Their assertions could be experimentally tested one day since the theory predicts that if the universe evolved as described, then telltale signs should be recorded in gravitational waves or in the cosmic microwave background, the radiation released by the Big Bang.

“We are not down to a single, unique universe, but our findings imply a significant reduction of the multiverse, to a much smaller range of possible universes,”
said Hawking.​
source

.
A multiple set of expanding contacting surf balls!!! Or flat cones for literalist. Deep.


No such thing as a free lunch except in the cosmology department!! One more perpetual motion machine theory!!!!
 

Sunstone

De Diablo Del Fora
Premium Member
I love Hawking, but here we have his ideas/opinions that are totally unverifiable, testable, or observable.

Not exactly. You're right they are currently untestable. But if and when we could get a probe deep enough into space, away from the Sun's gravity well, we will be able to test them.
 

Subduction Zone

Veteran Member
Not exactly. You're right they are currently untestable. But if and when we could get a probe deep enough into space, away from the Sun's gravity well, we will be able to test them.
That happens quite often these days. A new concept is formed and then technology is developed to test it.
 

Sunstone

De Diablo Del Fora
Premium Member
That happens quite often these days. A new concept is formed and then technology is developed to test it.

I'm not entirely sure I'm recalling this correctly, but I hear the key is to get a probe out there far enough. The technology for the sensors is either within easy reach or already developed and just needs to be adapted to this new use.
 

shmogie

Well-Known Member
Not exactly. You're right they are currently untestable. But if and when we could get a probe deep enough into space, away from the Sun's gravity well, we will be able to test them.
A few, not nearly enough information would be available for confirmation of the theory.
 

shmogie

Well-Known Member
That's not what I'm hearing. Do you have a source for that?
I just read an article on it, which, essentially stated that it would remain theoretical because of the lack of ways to verify it. Iĺl try and get a reference for you.
 

Skwim

Veteran Member
Uh, unverifiable e.g. testable or observable, clearer for you ?
Are you trying to say

"Uh, unverifiable e.g. untestable or unbservable, clearer for you ?"​

Because "unverifiable e.g. testable or observable" doesn't make sense.

.




.
 

1137

Here until I storm off again
Premium Member
Hmm... I'm hoping the experiments into Electrical Universe theory confirm it and ends this fantastical era of "science". Love Hawking though, here's my favorite quote:

"By making my PhD thesis Open Access, I hope to inspire people around the world to look up at the stars and not down at their feet; to wonder about our place in the universe and to try and make sense of the cosmos. Anyone, anywhere in the world should have free, unhindered access to not just my research, but to the research of every great and enquiring mind across the spectrum of human understanding."
 
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