Wikipedia
AIDS pandemic
Across Sub-Saharan Africa, more women are infected with HIV than men, with 13 women living with HIV for every 10 infected men and the gap continues to grow. Throughout the region, women are being infected with HIV at earlier ages than men. The differences in infection levels between women and men are most pronounced among young people (aged 1524 years). In this age group, there are 36 women living with HIV for every 10 men. The widespread prevalence of
sexually transmitted diseases, the practice of
scarification,
transfusion, and the poor state of
hygiene and
nutrition in Africa may all be facilitating factors in the transmission of HIV-1 in this region (Bentwich et al., 1995). In 2000, the
World Health Organization estimated that 25% of the units of blood transfused in Africa were not tested for HIV, and that 510% of HIV infections in Africa were transmitted via blood
[4].
Poor economic conditions (leading to the use of dirty needles in healthcare clinics) and lack of
sex education contribute to high rates of infection. In some
African countries, 25% or more of the working adult population is HIV-positive; in
Botswana the figure was 35.8% (1999 estimate
World Press Review), the highest reported infection rate in the world.
In
South Africa, President
Thabo Mbeki has questioned in the past the connection between HIV and AIDS - instead hinting at the possibility of factors such as undernourishment being one of the causes of the disease. While South Africa has created preventative programs and research initiatives to address its HIV problem
[5], critics charge that the South African government has been slow to create antiretroviral programs and take other effective medical steps to stop the epidemic
[6]. UNAIDS estimates that in 2005 there were 5.5 million people in South Africa living with HIV 12.4% of the population. This was an increase of 200,000 people since 2003
[7].
Although HIV infection rates are much lower in
Nigeria than in other African countries, the size of Nigeria's population meant that by the end of 2003, there were an estimated 3.6 million people living with HIV
[8]. On the other hand,
Uganda,
Zambia,
Senegal, and most recently
Botswana have begun intervention and educational measures to slow the spread of HIV, and Uganda has succeeded in actually reducing its HIV infection rate
[9]