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Resurrection of Christ - What's the evidence for and against a literal resurrection

Trailblazer

Veteran Member
Well, it seems to me that Atheists do not believe in an interested, connected or aware Deity, as in Atheism.
Okay thanks... I see the similarity between deism and atheism now! :)

I usually think God is in hiding, so that probably explains why I can relate to deists and atheists. ;)
 

Trailblazer

Veteran Member
I am trying to think of some really positive effects that Christianity has had upon the World.

Can you think of any?
No, I cannot think of any positive effects of Christianity per se, but the teachings of Jesus have had a positive effect upon those who follow them. ;)
 

TransmutingSoul

Veteran Member
Premium Member
No, I cannot think of any positive effects of Christianity per se, but the teachings of Jesus have had a positive effect upon those who follow them. ;)

Without the spread of Christianity as per Prophecy, there would be no fulfillment, the Bab and Baha'u'llah would not have come.

They spread the Message to all the Nations, as Christ asked them to do. Many perished doing this.

Good on them.

Regards Tony
 

kaat

Storm Animal
Hi.... I'm not a Christian but I study Historical Jesus. Could I try to answer some of your questions?


There's some support for 'magical powers', but not as we use those words today. Jesus is described in the Bible as being a Tekton, which somebody has translated as 'carpenter'. But 'Tekton' has more than one meaning 1: Handworker in Wood, Bone, Stone and possibly even Metal. 2: Magi. The thing is, a person who had amazing ability in helping people to feel or be better would definitely be described as a Magi, but also any person who could fashion wood, bone, stone or (esp) metals would have been thought of as a 'magi' as well.
Jesus may well have followed his step-father into handworking materials, but as he became more interested in healing etc he may well have dropped handworking for a more interesting and rewarding line of work.
So the people thought he was a magi.


People who totally believe in a person's ability to heal can feel and even be much better through the action of the placebo effect, and since Mediterranean males were/are more susceptible to clinical hysterical conditions these are more easily 'cured' by auto-suggestive-placebos.
The mass feedings are reasonably explained by giving as an example which other people (who also had food tucked away) wanted to imitate.



I watched Harry Edwards, Healer (Leatherhead, England) end my first wife's various kinds of seizures in 1973. She didn't have another until 1976/7, just at the time when Mr Edwards died.
It's hard for me to forget that and a possible healing which I experienced in Oct last year.


And THIS is the basis for an important religion???
 

kaat

Storm Animal
I understood the topic to be whether the original beliefs were in a literal bodily resurrection or if some kind of spiritual resurrection was intended with the literal aspect evolving later. What may or may not have really happened is not the issue.

I say again, THIS is the basis for an important religion??
 

kaat

Storm Animal
Might, might, might.....
  1. Jesus
  2. Muhammad
  3. the Bab
  4. Baha'u'llah
  5. Ba ba ba, ba ba baran
Thus it is impossible that Jews are right when they say Moses was the last and final prophet, because there is no way to explain away Jesus and Muhammad and their scriptures and the profound effects they had upon civilization, even if they can deny the Bab and Baha'u'llah since we are too new to have had that ind of impact yet. And the fact that Jews believe Moses was the last prophet means that their interpretation of the Torah is incorrect.
 

kaat

Storm Animal
I deliberately placed this thread in an open debating section so anyone can contribute. Thanks for dropping by.



That is an excellent starting point. The belief in the literal resurrection of Jesus is based on writings by possibly unknown authors, who tell us about a man who performed many miracles. The greatest miracle was He came back to life after being dead three days and after 40 days of appearances, ascended into the physical sky beyond the stratosphere to be with His Father in heaven. Maybe it happened and maybe it. It seems highly implausible to me. How useful is this as the foundation of spiritual practice for those that believe in it?



Its OK to question. Miracles are only proofs for those who are present, after all.



Exactly. The real power of any faith IMHO is to enable their followers to live better lives and be of benefit to the community.



Clearly you are not looking for an argument for arguments sake. You go to the top of the class as far as I can see.

Good. So what keeps your faith strong, other than blind faith??
 

Dawnofhope

Non-Proselytizing Baha'i
Staff member
Premium Member
Good. So what keeps your faith strong, other than blind faith??

The Baha'i faith, like Buddhism is very practical and involves the practice of right thought, right action, and right speech. In short, my faith works for me, and appears sensible.

The other aspect is the spiritual practice of prayer, fasting, and reciting the sacred writings, that are a profound source of inspiration and strength.
 

Dawnofhope

Non-Proselytizing Baha'i
Staff member
Premium Member
Is there any verse in the entire New Testament that explicitly suggests that the fulfillment of any of its prophecies should be expected to be very far in the future?

The most obvious ones are those that refer to the preaching of the gospels to all the nations and the time of the gentiles mentioned in Luke 21 and Revelation 11. Revelation 11 has a time frame (1260) that is similar to Daniel and from Daniel 9:24-27 we can calculate the period from the decree to rebuild Jerusalem to Christ's crucifixion (490 years).

However if you really knew the bible you would understand that Christ fulfilling Messianic expectation of the Jews based on the Tanakh is central. Take the gospel of Matthew for example that has over 60 references to the OT. The gospel writers were fully cognisant that the prophetic books that dated back centuries referred to Christ.

OT Quotations in the Gospel of Matthew
 

Dawnofhope

Non-Proselytizing Baha'i
Staff member
Premium Member
And yet you find no plausibility issue with the notion of God revealing to Jesus and then through a "purified soul" from heaven to men - like Daniel - who probably never existed and whose prophecies were almost certainly written 3 or 4 centuries after his supposed existence - and the Apostle John who had almost certainly been dead for at least 50 years before someone - who does not even pretend to be him but just happens to have the same name - first put stylus to parchment to record, in the most incredibly accurate detail, prophecies about people and events that would take place hundreds and thousands of years later including - unbelievably - getting the exact dates of the appearance of future prophets who would be able - presumably through the same miraculous direct heaven-to-men communication system - to discern without a single error exactly which parts of these prophecies were correct and successfully transmitted through the ages and which were just garbled versions of made up stories.

The God of Abraham who is concerned with His creation and reveals Himself to humanity through the likes of Moses, Christ, and Muhammad as well as prophets is the basis of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. This I find much more plausible than the literal resurrection. However, I can see that both look silly to a humanist that doesn't believe in God and prophets. We have different beliefs and i feel no need to belittle or riducule the beliefs of others.

On that basis, I really don't think you have any grounds for declaring the beliefs of others mistaken on the grounds of implausibility.

Actually the ground is firm. The Christian cosmology that saw hell below the earth and heaven up in the sky was a plausible narrative until Galileo. It makes little sense to have these traditional locations of heaven and hell, and the whole resurrection narrative depends on it.

One more point I want to pick up on - because you are again using the Baha'i tactic of deflecting from an argument by twisting the intent and then discrediting the twist rather than the original argument:

Why do you keep saying this?

I'm answering your questions the best I can.

This statement is true - but it doesn't in any way answer what I wrote about taking it as literal and allegorical at the same time. Conservative Christians might indeed argue for two time periods of fulfillment - but they are both literal - Herod's temple was literally destroyed in the 1st century and Jesus will literally return in the "last days". In fact Baha'is also argue this and claim that Baha'u'llah's appearance was literally the second fulfillment - the return of Christ. But then you also claim that other elements are purely allegorical. Conservative Christians do not argue that at all. There are examples of this dual literal/symbolic interpretation - even within scripture - but that is also not the argument that you were making. This is going off-topic again - I might start a separate thread on this - but the point is, I am arguing that if you are claiming "exact fulfillment" you cannot consistently dismiss other parts of the same prophecy as either mistaken or purely allegorical without providing a solid argument as to why this bit is exact and literal and that bit is otherwise. In your references to the Olivet discourse, you have not done that so far - you have merely stated that some parts are allegorical but that others (such as the restoration of Israel) are literal (for which there is plenty of scriptural evidence for a symbolic interpretation).

There are verses that simply make no sense if interpreted literally. The stars falling to earth. Jesus appearing on the clouds of heaven that can be seen from four corners of the earth. The lion and the lamb lying down together. The dead rising from their graves. Cloven tongues as of fire sitting on the apostles. A serpent that tempts Eve and made to crawl on its belly as a punishment. At some point the ability to discern when a verse is allegorical, literal, or both becomes easier.
 

oldbadger

Skanky Old Mongrel!
No, I cannot think of any positive effects of Christianity per se, but the teachings of Jesus have had a positive effect upon those who follow them. ;)
Fair enough........
I cannot think of pos-effects either.
And because Jesus's teachings have been so differently construed his followers vary from gun-nuts who believe Jesus wanted violence (sell your scrips and buy swords etc) to gentle folks who love. One group of 'Christians' believe that Mecca should be 'glassed' (nuked), and they will justify all from the New Testament.
Amazing.
 

oldbadger

Skanky Old Mongrel!
And THIS is the basis for an important religion???
Absolutely NOT, friend.
And I belong to none.
Deists might have formed into groups but I don't know of any.

I just think that the Baptist and Yeshua were wonderful people who cared for truth, fairness and justice. :shrug:
 

loverofhumanity

We are all the leaves of one tree
Premium Member
Thanks for explaining that... Before I came here about a month ago, for four years daily I had been conversing on a forum with mostly atheists who were formerly Christians or for whom Christianity never took in their childhood, so I know the drill. :) The forum owner was raised Catholic and was a confirmed atheist. He researched Baha'i more than anyone else on that forum but he bought off on the Miller book and a lot of other calumnies he found in other books and articles. There is more to that story, why I left; I told it on another thread here, but I forgot the name of the thread... No matter because I live fully in the present. :D

I have taken issue with some things Abdu'l-Baha has said, because I do not believe he is infallible, which presents a problem for me. However, I know he is probably right and maybe I am just not understanding what he said or he did not mean what I thought he meant, etc. For example, I know animals do not have an eternal soul, but I do not think that means that their spirit is annihilated when they die, as he says in Some Answered Questions... Since Baha'u'llah did not address that and it is not in the Bible, we really cannot know for sure. It is a big issue for me because a heaven without animals is not a heaven at all. :(

My understanding is that in heaven or the next world, your happiness, contentment and joy will far exceed any earthly joy you’ve ever had. So you won’t lose anything except the outward body and forms od this earthly life.

True the Writings say we can’t take our pets with us but how do we know there won’t be something similar in that world? You may possibly have other companions in the next world similar to this one except not physical.?
 

Trailblazer

Veteran Member
Without the spread of Christianity as per Prophecy, there would be no fulfillment, the Bab and Baha'u'llah would not have come.

They spread the Message to all the Nations, as Christ asked them to do. Many perished doing this.

Good on them.

Regards Tony
Good point Tony.... :)
They also prepared the way, as Jesus told them to do....:)
 

Neb

Active Member
I would presume that none of the actual disciples of Christ believed He literally rose from the death given its improbability. What we have as a record are gospels written by second or third generation Christians based on oral traditions some 35 - 65 years after Jesus was crucified. So no first hand witneses, and a narrative that has embellishments, as the apostles taught to a predominantly Greco-Roman audience.

John, a first generation Christian, was an eyewitness of the resurrection.

1John 1:1 “That which was from the beginning, that which we have heard, that which we have seen with our eyes, that which we beheld, and our hands handled, concerning the Word of life”

Luke, a first generation Christian, was not an actual eyewitness of the resurrection but his account of the resurrection came from those who witnessed the resurrection.

The very reason why the NT must be written during the first generation of Christianity is, the “eyewitnesses and ministers of the word” –Luke 1:2 are still alive and could pass on “the exact truth about the things you have been taught” –Luke 1:4 on to the next generation.

Mathew, a first generation Christian, wrote the book of Mathew.
Mark, a first generation Christian, wrote the book of Mark.

What happens if nothing was written during the first generation and all of them died?

Everything from the next generation’s accounts would be nothing but hearsay, but God did not plan it that way, did He?

So, any accounts different or does not harmonize with the NT did not come from the first generation’s accounts on Christianity, i.e., [Christ earthly ministry, His death, burial, and resurrection] and therefore, all of them are nothing but hearsay, right? IOW, anything you were or are saying if it does not agree with the NT, are nothing but hearsay, right?

"as the apostles taught to a predominantly Greco-Roman audience."

The Gentiles, i.e., the “Greco-Romans audience” were not evangelized by the apostles until chapter 10 of Acts by Peter. IOW, Gentiles did not come into the picture before Acts chapter 10.
 

Rough Beast Sloucher

Well-Known Member
It's My Birthday!
I would presume that none of the actual disciples of Christ believed He literally rose from the death given its improbability. What we have as a record are gospels written by second or third generation Christians based on oral traditions some 35 - 65 years after Jesus was crucified. So no first hand witneses, and a narrative that has embellishments, as the apostles taught to a predominantly Greco-Roman audience.

The letters of Paul show that the resurrection of Jesus was already a widespread belief in the 50's AD. The odd ending of the Gospel of Mark, which seems to incorporate early traditions about Jesus, may very well point to the origin of the resurrection story. The existence of such a story could in part explain the spread of proto-Christianity as far as Rome that early.
 

Dawnofhope

Non-Proselytizing Baha'i
Staff member
Premium Member
Welcome to RF and thanks for your contribution to this thread.

John, a first generation Christian, was an eyewitness of the resurrection.

1John 1:1 “That which was from the beginning, that which we have heard, that which we have seen with our eyes, that which we beheld, and our hands handled, concerning the Word of life”

This line of argument assumes that the author of the gospel of John and the letters of John are written by the apostle John. I don't think you can prove that.

Authorship of the Johannine works - Wikipedia

Luke, a first generation Christian, was not an actual eyewitness of the resurrection but his account of the resurrection came from those who witnessed the resurrection.

Many modern biblical scholars are moving away from this perspective:

The gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles make up a two-volume work which scholars call Luke–Acts.[12] Together they account for 27.5% of the New Testament, the largest contribution by a single author, providing the framework for both the Church's liturgical calendar and the historical outline into which later generations have fitted their idea of the story of Jesus.[13]


The author is not named in either volume.[5] According to a Church tradition dating from the 2nd century, first attested by Irenaeus, he was the Luke named as a companion of Paul in three of the letters attributed to Paul himself, but "a critical consensus emphasizes the countless contradictions between the account in Acts and the authentic Pauline letters (Theissen and Merz 1998, p.32)."[6] (An example can be seen by comparing Acts' accounts of Paul's conversion (Acts 9:1–31, 22:6–21, and 26:9–23) with Paul's own statement that he remained unknown to Christians in Judea after that event (Galatians 1:17–24).)[14] He admired Paul, but his theology was significantly different from Paul's on key points and he does not (in Acts) represent Paul's views accurately.[15] He was educated, a man of means, probably urban, and someone who respected manual work, although not a worker himself; this is significant, because more high-brow writers of the time looked down on the artisans and small business-people who made up the early church of Paul and were presumably Luke's audience.[16]

The eclipse of the traditional attribution to Luke the companion of Paul has meant that an early date for the gospel is now rarely put forward.[6] Some experts date the composition of the combined work to around 80–90 AD, although some others suggest 90–110,[17] and there is evidence, both textual (the conflicts between Western and Alexandrian manuscript families) and from the Marcionite controversy (Marcion was a 2nd-century heretic who produced his own version of Christian scripture based on Luke's gospel and Paul's epistles) that Luke–Acts was still being substantially revised well into the 2nd century.

Gospel of Luke - Wikipedia


The very reason why the NT must be written during the first generation of Christianity is, the “eyewitnesses and ministers of the word” –Luke 1:2 are still alive and could pass on “the exact truth about the things you have been taught” –Luke 1:4 on to the next generation.

John 20:31 best sums up the purpose of the gospels.

But these are written, that ye might believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God; and that believing ye might have life through his name.

Mathew, a first generation Christian, wrote the book of Mathew.
Mark, a first generation Christian, wrote the book of Mark.

I'm not sure you are aware of the arguments surrounding the synoptic gospels but it appears that the authors of Matthew and Luke used much of the material from Mark, and so the gospel of Mark is the most likely synoptic gospel to have been written first.

800px-Relationship_between_synoptic_gospels-en.svg.png

Synoptic Gospels - Wikipedia

Regardless of who wrote what first, there was an enormous amount of collaboration between the various authors, so they are not three independant witnesses, and even the conservative Christians believe only Matthew would have been an eye witness to most of the events he wrote. That of course raises the issue about the need to use so much of what Mark (who wasn't an eye witness) wote.

What happens if nothing was written during the first generation and all of them died?

Then we have accounts based on the oral traditions of the early Christians, particularly Paul.

Everything from the next generation’s accounts would be nothing but hearsay, but God did not plan it that way, did He?

I wouldn't call the preaching of Paul hearsay, would you?

Paul most likely is the author of Corinthians though, and that is thought to be the first NT written that mentions the resurrection.

Compare Biblical Accounts of the Resurrection

Did he see the resurrected Jesus with his own eyes?

1 Corinthians 15:4-9

So, any accounts different or does not harmonize with the NT did not come from the first generation’s accounts on Christianity, i.e., [Christ earthly ministry, His death, burial, and resurrection] and therefore, all of them are nothing but hearsay, right? IOW, anything you were or are saying if it does not agree with the NT, are nothing but hearsay, right?

"as the apostles taught to a predominantly Greco-Roman audience."

The Gentiles, i.e., the “Greco-Romans audience” were not evangelized by the apostles until chapter 10 of Acts by Peter. IOW, Gentiles did not come into the picture before Acts chapter 10.

However all the gospels were written at a time when the main focus shifted to a Greco-Roman audience, rather than a Jewish one, or do you think they were written earlier?
 

Neb

Active Member
Welcome to RF and thanks for your contribution to this thread.



This line of argument assumes that the author of the gospel of John and the letters of John are written by the apostle John. I don't think you can prove that.

Authorship of the Johannine works - Wikipedia



Many modern biblical scholars are moving away from this perspective:

The gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles make up a two-volume work which scholars call Luke–Acts.[12] Together they account for 27.5% of the New Testament, the largest contribution by a single author, providing the framework for both the Church's liturgical calendar and the historical outline into which later generations have fitted their idea of the story of Jesus.[13]


The author is not named in either volume.[5] According to a Church tradition dating from the 2nd century, first attested by Irenaeus, he was the Luke named as a companion of Paul in three of the letters attributed to Paul himself, but "a critical consensus emphasizes the countless contradictions between the account in Acts and the authentic Pauline letters (Theissen and Merz 1998, p.32)."[6] (An example can be seen by comparing Acts' accounts of Paul's conversion (Acts 9:1–31, 22:6–21, and 26:9–23) with Paul's own statement that he remained unknown to Christians in Judea after that event (Galatians 1:17–24).)[14] He admired Paul, but his theology was significantly different from Paul's on key points and he does not (in Acts) represent Paul's views accurately.[15] He was educated, a man of means, probably urban, and someone who respected manual work, although not a worker himself; this is significant, because more high-brow writers of the time looked down on the artisans and small business-people who made up the early church of Paul and were presumably Luke's audience.[16]

The eclipse of the traditional attribution to Luke the companion of Paul has meant that an early date for the gospel is now rarely put forward.[6] Some experts date the composition of the combined work to around 80–90 AD, although some others suggest 90–110,[17] and there is evidence, both textual (the conflicts between Western and Alexandrian manuscript families) and from the Marcionite controversy (Marcion was a 2nd-century heretic who produced his own version of Christian scripture based on Luke's gospel and Paul's epistles) that Luke–Acts was still being substantially revised well into the 2nd century.

Gospel of Luke - Wikipedia




John 20:31 best sums up the purpose of the gospels.

But these are written, that ye might believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God; and that believing ye might have life through his name.



I'm not sure you are aware of the arguments surrounding the synoptic gospels but it appears that the authors of Matthew and Luke used much of the material from Mark, and so the gospel of Mark is the most likely synoptic gospel to have been written first.

800px-Relationship_between_synoptic_gospels-en.svg.png

Synoptic Gospels - Wikipedia

Regardless of who wrote what first, there was an enormous amount of collaboration between the various authors, so they are not three independant witnesses, and even the conservative Christians believe only Matthew would have been an eye witness to most of the events he wrote. That of course raises the issue about the need to use so much of what Mark (who wasn't an eye witness) wote.



Then we have accounts based on the oral traditions of the early Christians, particularly Paul.



I wouldn't call the preaching of Paul hearsay, would you?

Paul most likely is the author of Corinthians though, and that is thought to be the first NT written that mentions the resurrection.

Compare Biblical Accounts of the Resurrection

Did he see the resurrected Jesus with his own eyes?

1 Corinthians 15:4-9



However all the gospels were written at a time when the main focus shifted to a Greco-Roman audience, rather than a Jewish one, or do you think they were written earlier?
So did Christ really rise from the dead and what's the evidence He did? Is there evidence to support He didn't?

With all due respect to my Christian brothers and sisters, why is Christ's Resurrection so fundamental to Christian belief?
 
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