( WHY ) is Jesus called an "Angel" in the Bible and by the post-biblical Christian writers?

Mattweedhacker · Sep 7, 2011

Compare Hippolytus passage about "...WHO IS MICHAEL?..." with what Clement of Alexandria said about the Jesus:

GREEK TEXT: "...Ἐνταῦθα [1.] διδάσκαλός ἐστι παιδαγωγίας· καὶ γὰρ ἦν ὡς ἀληθῶς διὰ μὲν Μωσέως παιδαγωγὸς ὁ κύριος τοῦ λαοῦ τοῦ παλαιοῦ, δι' αὑτοῦ δὲ τοῦ νέου καθηγεμὼν λαοῦ, πρόσωπον πρὸς πρόσωπον. Ἰδού, γάρ φησι τῷ Μωσεῖ, ὁ ἄγγελός μου προπορεύεταί σου, τὴν εὐαγγέλιον καὶ ἡγεμόνιον ἐπιστήσας τοῦ λόγου [2.] δύναμιν... - (The Instructor, Book I, chapter VII, MPG [1.7.58.1,2])

CLEMENT OF ALEXANDRIA (circa. 153 to 217 C.E.): "...Here He is the teacher of the art of instruction. For it was really the Lord that was the instructor of the ancient people by Moses; but He is the instructor of the new people by Himself, face to face. For behold, He says to Moses, MY ANGEL SHALL GO BEFORE THEE, representing the evangelical and commanding power of the Word, but guarding the Lords prerogative. In the day on which I will visit them,[1155]..."  (The Instructor, Book I, chapter VII (7); ANF Roberts & Donaldson, Vol. II, p. 224.)
[FOOTNOTE 1155]: Ex. xxxii. 33, 34.

I disagree with the translation of Gk., ( τὴν εὐαγγέλιον καὶ ἡγεμόνιον ἐπιστήσας τοῦ λόγου δύναμιν ): "...representing the evangelical and commanding power of the Word..."

I think it is better translated:

CLEMENT OF ALEXANDRIA (circa. 153 to 217 C.E.): "...In this place here He is [the] Teacher of the instruction. For it was in truth, even the Lord, through Moses, the Instructor, even a new leader, but through the intermediate agency of him, face to face. For "Behold!" as it says to Moses: "MY ( PERSONAL ) ANGEL
[*] WILL JOURNEY BEFORE YOU," to set up the good news and leadership of the powerful Logos..." - (The Instructor, Book I, chapter VII; translated by Matt13weedhacker 29/08/2011 revised 2/09/11)
[FOOTNOTE *]: Gk., ( ὁ ἄγγελος μου ) Literally: "...the Angel of me..."
[FOOTNOTE]: Gk., ( ἐπιστήσας ) "...to set up..." or "...establish..."
[FOOTNOTE]: Gk., ( ἡγεμόνιον ) "...to guide..." or "...to lead..."

And a little bit further on in the same passage:

GREEK TEXT: ...Τὸ μὲν οὖν πρότερον τῷ πρεσβυτέρῳ λαῷ πρεσβυτέρα διαθήκη ἦν καὶ νόμος ἐπαιδαγώγει τὸν λαὸν μετὰ φόβου καὶ λόγος ἄγγελος ἦν, καινῷ δὲ καὶ νέῳ λαῷ καινὴ καὶ νέα διαθήκη δεδώρηται καὶ ὁ λόγος γεγέννηται καὶ ὁ φόβος εἰς ἀγάπην μετατέτραπται καὶ ὁ μυστικὸς ἐκεῖνος ἄγγελος Ἰησοῦς τίκτεται... - (The Instructor, Book I, chapter VII, MPG [1.7.59.1,2])
CLEMENT OF ALEXANDRIA (circa. 153 to 217 C.E.): "...Formerly the older people [the Israelites] had an old covenant, and the law disciplined the people with fear, and THE WORD WAS AN ANGEL; but the fresh and new people [the Christians] has also been given a new covenant, and the Word has appeared, and fear turned into love, and THAT MYSTIC ANGEL IS BORNJESUS..."  (The Instructor, Book I, chapter VII (7); ANF Roberts & Donaldson, Vol. II, p. 224.)

CLEMENT OF ALEXANDRIA (circa. 153 to 217 C.E.): ...Certainly in former times there was existing for the older people an older covenant and law to educate the people along with fear, AND [THE] LOGOS WAS AN ANGEL,[#] but to a new people of a new kind, a [correspondingly] new covenant of a new kind was given, and the Logos came to be born, and the fear was turned into love, AND THIS MYSTICAL PERSON, AN ANGEL, JESUS, IS BORN
[*]... - (The Instructor, Book I, chapter VII; translated by Matt13weedhacker 13/2/2011)
[FOOTNOTE #]: Gk., ( καὶ λόγος ἄγγελος ἦν ) Lit., "...and Logos an Angel was..."
[FOOTNOTE *]: Gk., ( καὶ ὁ μυστικὸς ἐκεῖνος ἄγγελος Ἰησοῦς τίκτεται )

Mattweedhacker · Sep 7, 2011

GREEK TEXT: κατὰ [146(b).] τὸν πρωτόγονον αὐτοῦ λόγον, τὸν ἀγγέλων πρεσβύτατον, ὡς ἂν ἀρχάγγελον, πολυώνυμον ὑπάρχοντα· καὶ γὰρ ἀρχὴ καὶ ὄνομα θεοῦ καὶ λόγος καὶ ὁ κατ εἰκόνα ἄνθρωπος καὶ ὁ ὁρῶν, Ἰσραήλ, προσαγορεύεται... - (Chapter 27:146(b), ΠΕΡΙ ΣΥΓΧΥΣΕΩΣ ΔΙΑΛΕΚΤΩΝ, MPG.)

PHILO JUDAEUS (circa. 20 B.C.E to 50 C.E.): "...according to HIS FIRST-BORN WORD, THE ELDEST OF HIS ANGELS, AS THE GREAT ARCH-ANGEL OF MANY NAMES; for he is called, the Authority, and the name of god, and the Word, and Man according to God's image, and He who sees Israel..." - (p. 247, The Works of Philo, "On the Confusion of Tongues," translated by C.D. Yonge)

PHILO JUDAEUS (circa. 20 B.C.E to 50 C.E.): "...in relation to (God's) First-born and eldest Messenger [Gk., ( angelos )], the Word: that is the multi-named Archangel (who was) at the beginning. For he is also called "the Beginning" and THE "NAME OF GOD" and the "Word" and the "Man after his Image" and "Israel the Seer..." - (Philo, Confusion 145-146 (Perspective on the World of Jesus with new translations from primary texts 1999-2008 by Mahlon H. Smith)

PHILO JUDAEUS (circa. 20 B.C.E to 50 C.E.): "...according to [THE] FIRST ONE TO BE BORN, HIS LOGOS, THE OLDEST OF THE ANGELS, CERTAINLY AS ARCH-ANGEL WITH MULTIPLE NAMES, WHO CAME INTO EXISTENCE FROM UNDER A BEGINNING. For he is also named: "Beginning" and "Name of God" and "Logos" and "Man according to His image" and "The Seer", "Israel"..." - (Philo Judaeus, Latin Tittle: "De Confusione Linguarum" Greek Tittle: ΠΕΡΙ ΣΥΓΧΥΣΕΩΣ ΔΙΑΛΕΚΤΩΝ or "Concerning [the] Confusion of Dialects" Translated by Matt13weedhacker 4/7/11)

Also compare:

PHILO JUDAEUS (circa. 20 B.C.E to 50 C.E.): "...And the Father who created the universe has given to HIS ARCHANGELIC AND MOST ANCIENT WORD [Logos] a pre-eminent gift, to stand on the confines of both, and separated that which had been created from the Creator. And this same Word [Logos] is continually a suppliant to the immortal God on behalf of the mortal race, which is exposed to affliction and misery; and IS ALSO THE AMBASSADOR, SENT BY THE RULER OF ALL, to the subject race..." - (p. 293, The Works of Philo, "Who Is the Heir of Divine Things," translated by C.D. Yonge)

PHILO JUDAEUS (circa. 20 B.C.E to 50 C.E.): "...For as those who are not able to look upon the sun itself, look upon the reflected rays of the sun as the sun itself, and upon the halo around the moon as if it were the moon itself; SO ALSO DO THOSE WHO ARE UNABLE TO BEAR THE SIGHT OF GOD, LOOK UPON HIS IMAGE, HIS ANGEL WORD [Logos], AS HIMSELF..." - (p. 386, The Works of Philo, "On Dreams, I," translated by C.D. Yonge)

PHILO JUDAEUS (circa. 20 B.C.E to 50 C.E.): "...For God, like a shepherd and a king, governs (as if they were a flock of sheep) the earth, and the water, and the air, and the fire, and all the plants, and living creatures that are in them, whether mortal or divine . . . APPOINTING AS THEIR IMMEDIATE SUPERINTENDENT, HIS OWN RIGHT REASON [Logos], HIS FIRSTBORN SON, WHO IS TO RECEIVE THE CHARGE OF THIS SACRED COMPANY, AS THE LIEUTENANT OF THE GREAT KING; FOR IT IS SAID SOMEWHERE, "BEHOLD, I AM HE! I WILL SEND MY MESSENGER [ANGEL] BEFORE THY FACE, WHO SHALL KEEP THEE IN THE ROAD [Exo. 23:20]..." - (p. 178, The Works of Philo, "On Husbandry," translated by C.D. Yonge)

Mattweedhacker · Sep 7, 2011

LATIN TEXT: ...uti sicut in supercoelestibus, et spiritalibus, et invisibilibus princeps est Verbum Dei ; sic et in visibilibus, et corporalibus principatum habeat, in semetipsum primatum assumens... - (Page 72, THE THIRD BOOK OF AGAINST HERESIES BY ST. IRENAEUS, Bishop of Lyons With Short Notes, And A Glossary, by Henry Deane, B. D. Oxford at the Clarendon Press, M DCCC LXXIV.)
The third book of St. Irenaeus against heresies

IRENAEUS OF LYONS (circa. 130-200 C.E.): ...that, as the Word of God ( is ) PRINCE AMONG THE SUPER-CELESTIAL AND SPIRITUAL, AND INVISIBLE BEINGS, so He may have the pre-eminence ( also ) among the visible and corporeal... - (Page 691, Irenaeus, [Book] III. [Chapter] 18, p. 241 APPENDIX, DEFENSIO FIDEI NICAENAE Vol 4. By Bishop George Bull)
[PERSONAL NOTE]: BOOK 3, Chap. 16, Verse 6. is the corresponding reference in ANF Roberts & Donalson.

LATIN TEXT: "...qui ex fructu ventris David Emmanuel, magni consilii Patirs nuntius..." - (Page 69, THE THIRD BOOK OF AGAINST HERESIES BY ST. IRENAEUS, Bishop of Lyons With Short Notes, And A Glossary, by Henry Deane, B. D. Oxford at the Clarendon Press, M DCCC LXXIV.)

IRENAEUS OF LYONS (circa. 130-200 C.E.): ...Knowing one and the same Son of God, Jesus Christ, who was announced by the prophets, who from the fruit of Davids body was Emmanuel, THE ANGEL OF GREAT COUNSEL OF THE FATHER... - (Adv. Haer. 3.16.3; Roberts & Donaldson ANF.)

LATIN TEXT: "...et vocatur nomen eius Magni Consilii Angelus ... Et Magni Consilii dicit[ur] Angelus Patris..." - (Page 96/97; Chapter 56; DEMONSTRATIO APOSTOLICAE PRAEDICATIONIS LATINE REDDITA. Simon Weber 1917.)

IRENAEUS OF LYONS (circa. 130-200 C.E.): ...And again Isaiah says: And they shall wish that they had been burnt with fire; for a child is born to us, and a son is given to us, whose government is set upon His shoulders; and His name is called MESSENGER OF GREAT COUNSEL. But the words whose government is set upon His shoulders mean allegorically the Cross, on which He held His back when He was crucified.[84] And he says MESSENGER OF GREAT COUNSEL: MESSENGER OF THE FATHER, whom he announced to us... - (Demonstration Of Apostoloic Preaching Chapter 56. translated by J. A. Robinson 1920)

IRENAEUS OF LYONS (circa. 130-200 C.E.): ...Now THE ANGEL WHO APPEARED TO BALAAM WAS THE WORD HIMSELF; and in His hand He held a sword, to indicate the power which he had from above..." - (XXIII. FRAGMENTS FROM THE LOST WRITINGS OF IRENAEUS Roberts & Donaldson ANF.)
Irenaeus of Lyons, Fragments (Roberts-Donaldson translation)

Mattweedhacker · Sep 7, 2011

MILETO OF SARDIS (circa 110 to 177 C.E.): "...Chief Priest; among kings, the Ruler; among prophets, the Prophet; AMONG THE ANGELS, ARCHANGEL; in the voice of the preacher, the Word; ... He who appeared to the apostles; He who was carried up to heaven; He who is seated at the right hand of the Father; He who is the repose of those that are departed; the recoverer of those that are lost; the light of those that are in darkness; the deliverer of those that are captive; the guide of those that go astray; the asylum of the afflicted; the bridegroom of the Church; THE CHARIOTEER OF THE CHERUBIM; THE CAPTAIN OF THE ANGELS..." - (Fragments of Melito, the Philosopher. IV. On Faith. Roberts & Donaldson ANF.)
[FOOTNOTE]: This text does call him a god as well. It also should be noted that at times this same fragment has been attributed to Irenaeus of Lyon's as well.

Mattweedhacker · Sep 7, 2011

GREEK TEXT: "...Ὅπερ ἔργον ἦν τοῦ, ὡς ὠνόμασεν ἡ περὶ αὐτοῦ προφητεία, οὐχ ἁπαξαπλῶς ἀγγέλου ἀλλὰ τοῦ τῆς «μεγάλης βουλῆς» ἀγγέλου· ἤγγελλε γὰρ ἀνθρώποις τὴν μεγάλην τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ πατρὸς τῶν ὅλων περὶ αὐτῶν βουλήν..." - (Against Celsus Book 5. Chapter 53. MPG.)

ORIGEN OF ALEXANDRIA (circa 185-253 C.E.): "...saying of the Saviour, "Let him appear to be really an angel," we reply that we do not accept of such a concession from Celsus; but we look to the work of Him who came to visit the whole human race in His word and teaching, as each one of His adherents was capable of receiving Him. And this was the work of one who, as the prophecy regarding Him said, was NOT SIMPLY AN ANGEL, BUT THE "ANGEL OF THE GREAT COUNSEL": for He announced to men the great counsel of the God and Father of all things regarding them, ... And he thinks he can meet either of these dilemmas at great length, although there is not a single real Christian who asserts that Christ was the only being that visited the human race..." - (Against Celsus Book V. Chapter 53, Roberts & Donaldson ANF.)
[FOOTNOTE]: Cf. VIII.27.

ORIGEN OF ALEXANDRIA (circa 185-253 C.E.): "...This was the work of one who, as the prophecy about him gives him the name, NOT OF AN ANGEL IN GENERAL, BUT THEE "ANGEL OF HIS GREAT PURPOSE". For he bears the message to man-kind of the great purpose from the ( definitive ) God and Father of the entire universe concerning his counsel..." - (Against Celsus Book 5. Chapter 53. translated by Matt13weedhacker 29/08/11)
[FOOTNOTE]: Gk., ( ἁπαξαπλῶς ) "...in general..."
[FOOTNOTE]: Gk., ( τοῦ τῆς «μεγάλης βουλῆς» ἀγγέλου ) or "...thee Angel of Great Counsel..." or "...the Angel of the "Great Purpose"..." compare Isaiah 9:6 LXX.
[FOOTNOTE]: Gk., ( ἤγγελλε ) "...to bear a message or report..."

Mattweedhacker · Sep 7, 2011

LATIN TEXT: ...Est enim periculum grande, Salvatorem generis humani, totius Dominem et Principem mundi, cui a suo Patre omnia tradita sunt et cuncta concessa, per quem instituta sunt universa, creata sunt tota, digesta sunt cuncta, aevorum omnium et temporum Regum, ANGELORUM OMNIUM PRINCIPEM, ante quem nihil praeter Patrem, hominem tantummodo dicere, et auctoritatem illi divinam in his abnegare. Haec enim contumelia haereticorum ad ipsum quoque Deum Patrem redundabit, si Deus Pater Filium Deum generare non potuit. Sed enim veritati caecitas haereticorum nulla praescribet... - (Page 713, De. Trinitate. Chap. 11:2., Appendix A: THE RULE OF TRUTH A TRANSLATION OF THE DE TRINITATE OF NOVATIAN (Novatianus, Priest of Rome, c. 240 AD) Translation by Jim L. Papandrea, 1998.)

NOVATION (circa. 210280 C.E.): ...For it is a great danger to say that the Savior of the human race is only a man; the Lord of all and the Ruler of the world, to whom all things have been given by [His] Father[185] and everything submits, through whom all things were ordered, all things were created, all things were arranged, the King of all ages[186] and times, THE [PRINCE] RULER OF ALL ANGELS, before whom nothing [existed] except the
Father, and to deny His divine authority in these things. For this insult of the heretics will also extend to God the Father Himself, if God the Father was not able to generate[187] the Son of God... - (De. Trinitate. Chap. 11:2., Appendix A: THE RULE OF TRUTH A TRANSLATION OF THE DE TRINITATE OF NOVATIAN (Novatianus, Priest of Rome, c. 240 AD) Translation by Jim L. Papandrea, 1998.)
[FOOTNOTE 185]: Matthew 11:27.
[FOOTNOTE 186]: Allusion to I Timothy 1:17.
[FOOTNOTE 187]: generare

NOVATION (circa. 210280 C.E.): ...For there is a great risk of saying that the Saviour of the human race was only man; that the Lord of all, and the Chief of the world, to whom all things were delivered, and all things were granted by His Father, [Ltn., ( per ) "THROUGH"] by whom all things were ordained, all things were created, all things were arranged, the King of all ages and times, THE PRINCE OF ALL THE ANGELS, before whom there is none but the Father, was only man, and denying to Him divine authority in these things... - (De. Trinitate. Chap. 11. ANF Roberts & Donalson.)

NOVATION (circa. 210280 C.E.): ...HE ( IS ) ALSO AN ANGEL, but He was destined of the Father as AN ANGEL to announce the Great Counsel of God... - (Chapter XXXI. A Treatise of Novatian Concerning the Trinity. ANF Roberts & Donaldson)

Mattweedhacker · Sep 7, 2011

NOVATION (circa. 210280 C.E.): ...the imitator[5183] of His Fathers works and powers, the image of the invisible God;[5184] who came down from heaven;[5185] who testified what things he had seen and heard; who came not to do His own will, but rather to do the will of the Father,[5186] by whom He had been sent for this very purpose, that being made the [ANGEL] MESSENGER OF GREAT COUNSEL,[5187]... - (Chapter XXI. A Treatise of Novatian Concerning the Trinity. ANF Roberts & Donaldson)
http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=8534251787177360239&postID=347843699233004467&from=pencil[FOOTNOTE 5183]: John v. 19. The infirmities of language are such that cunning men like Petavius can construct anti-Nicene doctrine out of Scripture itself; and the marvel is, that the Christian Fathers before the Council of Nicæa generally use such precision of language, although they lacked the synodical definitions.
[FOOTNOTE 5184]: Col. i. 15.
[FOOTNOTE 5185]: John iii. 31, 32.
[FOOTNOTE 5186]: John iv. 38.
http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=8534251787177360239&postID=347843699233004467&from=pencil http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=8534251787177360239&postID=347843699233004467&from=pencil [FOOTNOTE 5187]: Isa. ix. 6.

NOVATION (circa. 210280 C.E.): ...And thus, although Christ had not been born as yet in the times of Isaiah the prophet, he said, For unto us a child is born;[5238] and although Mary had not yet been approached, he said, And I approached unto the prophetess; and she conceived, and bare a son.[5239] And when Christ had not yet made known the mind of the Father, it is said, And His name shall be called THE ANGEL OF GREAT COUNSEL.[5240]... - (Chapter XXVIII. A Treatise of Novatian Concerning the Trinity. ANF Roberts & Donaldson)
http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=8534251787177360239&postID=347843699233004467&from=pencil[FOOTNOTE 5238]: Isa. ix. 6.
http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=8534251787177360239&postID=347843699233004467&from=pencil[FOOTNOTE 5239]: Isa. viii. 3.
[FOOTNOTE 5240]: Isa. ix. 6, LXX. See pp. 628, 632, supra.

Mattweedhacker · Sep 7, 2011

Taken from the last chapter, which was written by Mrs. Collins (a Catholic writer). The first quote has to do with Justin Martyr:

YARBO & COLLINS: "...Justin may have had John 1:1c Prov. 8.22-31 ... The Gospel and Revelation both present Jesus as preexistent and as divine in some sense. In the Gospel, he is either an emanation of God or Gods first creature, namely, the only-begotten god. In Revelation, THE EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT HE IS GODS FIRST CREATURE, NAMELY, THE PRINCIPAL ANGEL..." - (p. 203 King and Messiah as Son of God: Divine, Human, and Angelic Figures in Biblical and Related Literature, by Adela Yarbro Collins and John J. Collins)

YARBO & COLLINS: "...it should be noted that personified wisdom participates as a creature in Gods activity of creation according to Prov 8:22 LXX... - (p. 213 King and Messiah as Son of God: Divine, Human, and Angelic Figures in Biblical and Related Literature, by Adela Yarbro Collins and John J. Collins)

Mattweedhacker · Sep 7, 2011

LATIN TEXT: ...quis ergo est iste, qui in forma dei, ut diximus, factus est angelus? sed nec in angelis formam dei legimus; nisi quoniam hic praecipuus atque
generosus prae omnibus dei filius, uerbum dei, imitator omnium paternorum operum, dum et ipse operatur sicut et pater eius, in forma (ut expressimus) est dei patris... - (Chapter XXII, CAMBRIDGE PATRISTIC TEXTS: NOVATIANI ROMANAE VRBIS PRESBYTERI DE TRINITATE LIBER - NOVATIAN'S TREATISE ON THE TRINITY EDITED BY W. Yorke Fausset, MA., CAMBRIDGE AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS 1909)

NOVATION (circa. 210280 C.E.): ...WHO THEN IS THAT ANGEL WHO, AS WE HAVE SAID, WAS MADE IN THE FORM OF GOD? But neither do we read of the form of God in angels, EXCEPT BECAUSE THIS ONE IS CHIEF :yes: AND ROYAL ABOVE ALLTHE SON OF GOD, THE WORD OF GOD, the imitator of all His Fathers works, in that He Himself worketh even as His Father. He isas we have declaredin the form of God the Father.... - (Chapter Chapter XXII. A Treatise of Novatian Concerning the Trinity. ANF Roberts & Donaldson)

NOVATION (circa. 210280 C.E.): ...Therefore, WHO IS THE ONE WHO WAS ( MADE ) IN THE FORM OF GOD, as we have said? AN ANGEL? But we do not read of angels in the form of God, UNLESS IT IS BECAUSE THIS PARTICULAR ANGEL IS ALSO THE SON OF GOD, NOBLE ABOVE ALL, THE WORD OF GOD, the one who does all of the Fathers works, since He works like His Father, and He is the form of God the Father, as we have explained... - (Chapter 22:3; THE RULE OF TRUTH A TRANSLATION OF THE DE TRINITATE OF NOVATIAN by Novatianus, Priest of Rome, c. 240 AD, Translation by Jim L. Papandrea, 1998.)

NOVATION (circa. 210280 C.E.): ...So then, who is this? WHO WAS THIS ANGEL MADE
[*] 'IN GODS FORM'? HOW IS HE AN ANGEL? And yet I gather Angels are not in 'Gods form'; UNLESS THIS (ONE) IS EXCEPTIONIONAL, [AND] IN FACT IS THE SPECIAL CHIEF[#], SUPERIOR, EXTREMELY HIGH COMPARED TO ALL OTHERS, GODS SON, THE WORD OF GOD, the imitator of all the works that belong to his Father, in that he operates just as his Father does, (to be His representive[^]), - as already explained - the one 'in the form of God' the Father... - (Chapter 22:3; THE RULE OF TRUTH or DE TRINITATE - Translation by Matt13weedhacker Revised version 31/08/11)
[FOOTNOTE *]: Latin., (factus) = ...to make in all senses, to do, perform, accomplish, prepare, produce, bring to pass, cause, effect, create, commit, perpetrate, form, fashion, etc... - (A Latin Dictionary. Founded on Andrews' edition of Freund's Latin dictionary. revised, enlarged, and in great part rewritten by. Charlton T. Lewis, Ph.D. and. Charles Short, LL.D. Oxford. Clarendon Press. 1879.)
Latin., (factus) = ...to make, construct, fashion, frame, build, erect, produce, compose... - (Lewis, Charlton, T. An Elementary Latin Dictionary. New York, Cincinnati, and Chicago. American Book Company. 1890.)
[FOOTNOTE #]: Ltn., (praecipuus)
[FOOTNOTE ^]: Ltn., (expressimus)

Mattweedhacker · Sep 7, 2011

Interesting reasoning to think about in these statements:

How could "God" be an "Angel" of himself?

THEODORET OF CYRUS (circa. 393-457 C.E.): "...The whole passage (Exodus 3) shows that it was God who appeared to him. BUT (MOSES) CALLED HIM
[*] AN ANGEL in order to let us know that it was not God the Father whom he saw FOR WHOSE ANGEL COULD THE FATHER BE? BUT THE ONLY-BEGOTTEN SON, THE ANGEL OF GREAT COUNSEL..." - (Commentary "In Exodus" Roberts & Donaldson ANF.)
[FOOTNOTE]: Refering to Jesus as the Angel of the Lord in the OT.

Compare the above with a statement from earlier Christians:

COUNCIL OF ANTIOCH (circa 264-269 C.E.): "...Sometimes he is testified to as "an Angel," but sometimes as "a lord," but also sometimes as "a god." FOR IT IS TOO UN-REVERENTIAL TO EVEN THINK OF CALLING THE DEFINITIVE GOD OF THE ENTIRE UNIVERSE AN ANGEL. But the Son is thee Angel of the Father. Being himself a lord and a god. As it is written: [the] Angel of His Great Purpose
[*]..." - (Epist. Synodic. ad Paul. Samos. Translated by Matt13weedhacker 28/08/2011)
[FOOTNOTE *]: Isa 9:6; LXX., or "...Angel of Great Counsel..."

HENRY NEWMAN: "...Again, the Council of Antioch, which condemned Paul of Samosata, says that He "...appears to the Patriarchs and converses with them, being testified sometimes to be an Angel, at other times Lord, at others God;" that, WHILE "IT IS IMPIOUS TO THINK THAT THE GOD OF ALL IS CALLED AN ANGEL, THE SON IS THE ANGEL OF THE FATHER[15]..." - (Section 2. Our Lord's Incarnation and the Dignity of His Blessed Mother and of All Saints, Chapter 4. Instances in Illustration, NEWMAN READER.)
[FOOTNOTE 15]: Reliqu. Sacr. t. ii. p. 469, 470.

Mattweedhacker · Sep 7, 2011

These posts are by no means exhaustive.

More to come when I get time.

Mattweedhacker · Sep 12, 2011

[FONT=Palatino Linotype, serif]VARIANT LXX TEXTS OF (ISAIAH 9:6) IN THE TIME OF EUSEBIUS [/FONT]

[FONT=Palatino Linotype, serif] ALTERNATIVE READINGS TO MIGHTY GOD. [/FONT]

[FONT=Palatino Linotype, serif] MODERN RECEIVED LXX TEXT: [/FONT]

[FONT=Palatino Linotype, serif] ISAIAH 9:6 (LXX): "...ὅτι [6.] παιδίον ἐγεννήθη ἡμῖν υἱὸς καὶ ἐδόθη ἡμῖν οὗ ἡ ἀρχὴ ἐγενήθη ἐπὶ τοῦ ὤμου αὐτοῦ καὶ καλεῖται τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ μεγάλης βουλῆς ἄγγελος ἐγὼ γὰρ ἄξω εἰρήνην ἐπὶ τοὺς ἄρχοντας εἰρήνην καὶ ὑγίειαν αὐτῷ [7.] μεγάλη ἡ ἀρχὴ αὐτοῦ καὶ τῆς εἰρήνης αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἔστιν ὅριον ἐπὶ τὸν θρόνον δαυιδ καὶ τὴν βασιλείαν αὐτοῦ κατορθῶσαι αὐτὴν καὶ ἀντιλαβέσθαι αὐτῆς ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ καὶ ἐν κρίματι ἀπὸ τοῦ νῦν καὶ εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα χρόνον ὁ ζῆλος κυρίου σαβαωθ ποιήσει ταῦτα... - (Modern Text of the Greek OT: Septuagint with Diacritics.)[/FONT]

[FONT=Palatino Linotype, serif]LXX VERSION'S AVAILABLE IN EUSEBIUS TIME[/FONT]

[FONT=Palatino Linotype, serif][FONT=Palatino Linotype, serif]EUSEBIUS[/FONT][FONT=Palatino Linotype, serif] OF CAESAREA (circa. 260 to 340 C.E. ): [/FONT]...καὶ τούτῳ γοῦν ὄνομα εἶναι λέγεται κατὰ μὲν τοὺς ἑβδομήκοντα «μεγάλης βουλῆς ἄγγελος»... - (Quotation by Eusebius of 3rd Century B.C. LXX Greek text.)[/FONT]
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[FONT=Palatino Linotype, serif]EUSEBIUS[/FONT][FONT=Palatino Linotype, serif] OF CAESAREA (circa. 260 to 340 C.E.): [/FONT]...His Name is said to be, according to the Septuagint, Angel of Great Counsel... - (Eusebius of Caesarea: Demonstratio Evangelica. Tr. W.J. Ferrar (1920) -- Book 7 CHAPTER 1 (b) From Isaiah.)

GREEK TEXT: ...καὶ ὥς τινα τῶν ἀντιγράφων ἔχει, «θαυμαστὸς σύμβουλος, θεὸς ἰσχυρός, ἐξουσιαστής, ἄρχων εἰρήνης, πατὴρ τοῦ μέλλοντος αἰῶνος»... - ("Some" or a minority of LXX-MSS, in the 2nd - 3rd Century, Septuagint.)[/FONT]
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SOME-COPIES LXX[FONT=Palatino Linotype, serif] (circa. 260 to 340 C.E.):[/FONT] ...and as some of the copies have, "Wonderful Counsellor, Mighty God, Potentate, Prince of Peace, Father of the World to Come... - ( Eusebius of Caesarea: Demonstratio Evangelica. Tr. W.J. Ferrar (1920) -- Book 7 CHAPTER 1 (b) From Isaiah.)
[FOOTNOTE]: Notice Gk., ( [/FONT][FONT=Palatino Linotype, serif]θεὸς ἰσχυρός ) [/FONT][FONT=Palatino Linotype, serif]like John 1:1 is anathorus. It can be translated: "...( a ) strong god..."
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[FONT=Palatino Linotype, serif]GREEK TEXT: "...κατὰ δὲ τὸ Ἑβραϊκόν, ὡς ὁ μὲν Ἀκύλας φησίν· «ὅτι παιδίον ἐγεννήθη ἡμῖν, υἱὸς ἐδόθη ἡμῖν, καὶ ἐγένετο μέτρον ἐπ' ὤμου αὐτοῦ. καὶ ἐκάλεσεν τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ θαυμαστὸς σύμβουλος, ἰσχυρός, δυνατός, πατὴρ ἔτι, ἄρχων εἰρήνης, καὶ τῆς εἰρήνης αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἔστιν πέρας»..." - (2nd - 3rd Century, Hebrew according to Aquila, 7.1.136.) [/FONT]
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AQUILLA (Died circa. 135 C.E.): ...In the Hebrew, as Aquila says: "For unto us a child is born, to us a son is given, and a measure was upon his shoulders. And his name was called Wonderful Counsellor, Mighty, Powerful, Father, even Prince of Peace, and of his peace there is no end..." - ( Eusebius of Caesarea: Demonstratio Evangelica. Tr. W.J. Ferrar (1920) -- Book 7 CHAPTER 1 (b) From Isaiah.)

GREEK TEXT: "...τίς δ' ἂν οὖν γένοιτο κατὰ μὲν τὸν Ἀκύλαν καὶ τὰς εἰσέτι νῦν φερομένας παρ' Ἑβραίοις μαρτυρίας ἐν ἀνθρώποις γεννώμενος, καὶ «παιδίον» γινόμενος, «θαυμαστὸς σύμβουλος» καὶ «ἰσχυρός», «δυνατός», καὶ «πατὴρ ἔτι», καὶ «ἄρχων εἰρήνης», ἧς εἰρήνης οὔποτέ φησιν ἔσεσθαι τέλος..." - (2nd - 3rd Century, Then Current Hebrew & Aquila's Greek translation with a slight variantion, 7.1.139.)

AQUILLA (Died circa. 135 C.E.): ...But who can this be who, in Aquila's version and those even now current among the Hebrews, is "begotten among men, and become a child, Wonderful and Strong, Counsellor, Powerful, and Father, yea even Prince of peace, Whose peace, he says, will never end?..." - ( Eusebius of Caesarea: Demonstratio Evangelica. Tr. W.J. Ferrar (1920) -- Book 7 CHAPTER 1 (b) From Isaiah.)
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[FONT=Palatino Linotype, serif]GREEK TEXT: ...καὶ κατὰ Θεοδοτίωνα «θαυμαστῶς βουλεύων, ἰσχυρός, δυνάστης, πατήρ, ἄρχων εἰρήνης, τῷ πληθύνειν τὴν παιδείαν, οὗ τῆς εἰρήνης οὐκ ἔστιν πέρας»..." - (Theodotion's LXX Greek.)

THEODOTION (Died circa. 200 C.E.): ...or in Theodotion's "Counselling wonderfully, Strong, Powerful, Father, Prince of peace, for increasing instruction, of Whose peace there is no end... - ( Eusebius of Caesarea: Demonstratio Evangelica. Tr. W.J. Ferrar (1920) -- Book 7 CHAPTER 1 (b) From Isaiah.)[/FONT]
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GREEK TEXT: "...ὡς δὲ ὁ Σύμμαχος· «νεανίας γὰρ ἐδόθη ἡμῖν, υἱὸς ἐδόθη ἡμῖν. καὶ ἔσται ἡ παιδεία αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τοῦ ὤμου αὐτοῦ, καὶ κληθήσεται τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ παραδοξασμός, βουλευτικός, ἰσχυρός, δυνατός, πατὴρ αἰῶνος, ἄρχων εἰρήνης, καὶ τῆς εἰρήνης αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἔστιν πέρας»..." - (Symmachus LXX Greek: 7.1.137.)

SYMMACHUS (circa. late 2nd C.E.): ...And as Symmachus: "For a youth is given to us, a son is given us; and his instructions shall be upon his shoulders, and his name shall be called Miraculous, Counselling, Strong, Powerful, Eternal Father, Prince of Peace, and of his peace there is no end..." - ( Eusebius of Caesarea: Demonstratio Evangelica. Tr. W.J. Ferrar (1920) -- Book 7 CHAPTER 1 (b) From Isaiah.)
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[FONT=Palatino Linotype, serif]GREEK TEXT: ...κατὰ δὲ τὸν Σύμμαχον «παραδοξασμός, βουλευτικός, ἰσχυρός, δυνατός, πατὴρ αἰῶνος, ἄρχων εἰρήνης», καὶ ταύτης ἀπείρου καὶ ἀτελευτήτου... - (Symmachus LXX Variant Greek.)

SYMMACHUS (circa. late 2nd C.E.): ...or in that of Symmachus, "Miraculous, Counselling, Strong, Powerful, Eternal Father, Prince of peace, and that endless and infinite... - ([Variant text] Eusebius of Caesarea: Demonstratio Evangelica. Tr. W.J. Ferrar (1920) -- Book 7 CHAPTER 1 (b) From Isaiah.) [/FONT]
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TO SUMMARIZE: [/FONT]

[FONT=Palatino Linotype, serif]Readings for the Heb., ( [/FONT][FONT=Palatino Linotype, serif]אֵ֣ל גִּבֹּ֔ור [/FONT][FONT=Palatino Linotype, serif]) Heb., ( el gibbor ) in the LXX

According to Eusebius who had access to Origen's Hexapala in the LXX Versions of his time and before:

1. μεγάλης βουλῆς ἄγγελος = Original LXX
2. θεὸς ἰσχυρός = Small Minority of LXX MSS
3. ἰσχυρός, δυνατός = Aquila
4. ἰσχυρός, δυνατός = Authorised Heb., LXX
5. ἰσχυρός, δυνατός = Symmachus
6. ἰσχυρός, δυνάστης = Theodotion
7. μεγάλης βουλῆς ἄγγελος = Received LXX

W.J. Ferrar (1920) English Translation:

1. Angel of Great Counsel
2. Mighty God [ Or "...( a ) strong god..." ]
3. Mighty, Powerful
4. Strong, ... Powerful
5. Strong, Powerful
6. Strong, Powerful
7. Angel of Great Counsel

Interesting to note that here in Isa 9:6; in the original 3rd Century B.C.E. LXX and at Psa 8:6 Heb., ( el ) and Heb., ( elohim ) words for "god/God" are interpreted as "Angel/Angels" and by the Apostle Paul in the book of Hebrews.

And Jesus is here unambiguously and unmistakeably called an "Angel"[/FONT]

Bick · Sep 12, 2011

Some one else may have pointed this out: "aggelos" in Greek means "messenger".

Therefore, Let us not use the English transliteration "angel", a special created spirit being; but according to the context call it "messenger."

Examples: Matt. 11:10 "I send my messenger (aggelos) before thy face.." The messenger was John the Baptist. (Also Mark 1.2 and Luke 7:27).

Luke 7:24 "The messengers (aggelon) of John were departed....." These were obviously some of John's disciples.

2 Cor. 12:7 "...the messenger (aggelos) of Satan to buffet me.." This was maybe a human being..or..a spirit being of Satan's sent to buffet Paul.

James 2:25 "...when she had received the messengers (aggelous)..." The messengers here were the spies sent from the 12 tribes of Israel when encamped across the Jordan from Jericho.

By the use of a complete concordance many misunderstandings can be cleared up. And of course, looking at the whole context. "Aggelos" could indeed mean an "angel," a created spirit being.

Mattweedhacker · Sep 15, 2011

LATIN TEXT: "...Deus igitur machinator constitutoque rerum, sicuti in secundo libro ( scilicet, cap. 9 ) di[]imus, antequaem praeclarum hoc opus mundi adoriretur, sanctum et incorruptibilem spiritum genuit, quem Filium nuncupaet. Et quamvis alios postea innumerabiles per ipsum creavisset, quo angelos dicimus, hunc tamen solum primogenitum divini nominus appellatione dignatus est, patria scilicet virtute ac majestate pollentem..." - (Latin Text of Divinae Institutiones Book 4, Chapter 6, Section 1. MGL.)

LACTANTIUS (circa. 240-320 C.E.): "...God, then, who invented and constructed all things, (as we said in book 2), before approaching the remarkable task of making this world CREATED A HOLY AND INCORRUPTIBLE SPIRIT WHOM HE CALLED HIS SON AND THOUGH HE LATER CREATED COUNTLESS ( OTHERS ), WHOM WE CALL ANGELS, - ( THIS ), HIS FIRST-BORN, WAS THE ONLY ( ONE ) - HE DISTINGUISHED WITH A ( NAME ) OF DIVINE SIGNIFICANCE, presumably because he had his Father's qualities of power and supremacy..." - (Divinae institutiones 4.6.1, Translated with an introduction and notes by ANTHONY BOWEN and PETER GARNSEY.)

LACTANTIUS (circa. 240-320 C.E.): "...God, therefore, the contriver and founder of all things, as we have said in the second book, before He commenced this excellent work of the world, ( BEGOT ) A PURE AND INCORRUPTIBLE SPIRIT, WHOM HE ( CALLED ) HIS SON. AND ALTHOUGH HE HAD AFTERWARDS - ( CREATED ) - BY HIMSELF INNUMERABLE - ( OTHER ) BEINGS, - WHOM WE CALL ( ANGELS ), THIS FIRST-BEGOTTEN, HOWEVER, WAS - THE ( ONLY ONE ) - WHOM HE CONSIDERED WORTHY OF BEING ( CALLED ) BY THE DIVINE NAME, as being powerful in His Father's excellence and majesty..." - (Divinae institutiones 4.6.1 ANF Roberts & Donaldson)

herushura · Sep 15, 2011

Remember that Christianity is a ROMAN religion and the myths within the Gospols Originate from the pax romana.

Angels are the Sons of Venus (Babies/Children With Wings) and are symbols of love/fertility and Victory.

Angel also a pun for angle, where you create angles within the Stars to create constellations

Mattweedhacker · Sep 21, 2011

Jesus is also:

MALACHI 3:1(B): ...καὶ ἐξαίφνης ἥξει εἰς τὸν ναὸν ἑαυτοῦ κύριος ὃν ὑμεῖς ζητεῖτε καὶ ὁ ἄγγελος τῆς διαθήκης ὃν ὑμεῖς θέλετε ἰδοὺ ἔρχεται λέγει κύριος παντοκράτωρ... - (LXX)

MALACHI 3:1(B): ...and the Lord, whom ye seek, shall suddenly come into His temple, - EVEN - [Gk., ( ὁ ἄγγελος τῆς διαθήκη&#962

] THE - ( ANGEL ) - OF THE COVENANT, - whom ye take pleasure in: behold, He is coming, says the Lord Almighty... - (The Holy Orthodox Bible THE GREEK SEPTUAGINT IN ENGLISH By Peter Papoutsis's 2006)

javajo · Sep 21, 2011

Hebrews chapter one is all about Jesus being much higher than the angels whom he created:

1 God, who at sundry times and in divers manners spake in time past unto the fathers by the prophets,
2 Hath in these last days spoken unto us by his Son, whom he hath appointed heir of all things, by whom also he made the worlds;
3 Who being the brightness of his glory, and the express image of his person, and upholding all things by the word of his power, when he had by himself purged our sins, sat down on the right hand of the Majesty on high;

who is superior to the angels, as shown by seven passages of Scripture

4 Being made so much better than the angels, as he hath by inheritance obtained a more excellent name than they.
5 For unto which of the angels said he at any time, Thou art my Son, this day have I begotten thee? And again, I will be to him a Father, and he shall be to me a Son?
6 And again, when he bringeth in the firstbegotten into the world, he saith, And let all the angels of God worship him.
7 And of the angels he saith, Who maketh his angels spirits, and his ministers a flame of fire.
8 But unto the Son he saith, Thy throne, O God, is for ever and ever: a sceptre of righteousness is the sceptre of thy kingdom.
9 Thou hast loved righteousness, and hated iniquity; therefore God, even thy God, hath anointed thee with the oil of gladness above thy fellows.
10 And, Thou, Lord, in the beginning hast laid the foundation of the earth; and the heavens are the works of thine hands:
11 They shall perish; but thou remainest; and they all shall wax old as doth a garment;
12 And as a vesture shalt thou fold them up, and they shall be changed: but thou art the same, and thy years shall not fail.
13 But to which of the angels said he at any time, Sit on my right hand, until I make thine enemies thy footstool?
14 Are they not all ministering spirits, sent forth to minister for them who shall be heirs of salvation?

dance-above · Sep 22, 2011

javajo said:
Hebrews chapter one is all about Jesus being much higher than the angels whom he created:

1 God, who at sundry times and in divers manners spake in time past unto the fathers by the prophets,
2 Hath in these last days spoken unto us by his Son, whom he hath appointed heir of all things, by whom also he made the worlds;
3 Who being the brightness of his glory, and the express image of his person, and upholding all things by the word of his power, when he had by himself purged our sins, sat down on the right hand of the Majesty on high;

who is superior to the angels, as shown by seven passages of Scripture

4 Being made so much better than the angels, as he hath by inheritance obtained a more excellent name than they.
5 For unto which of the angels said he at any time, Thou art my Son, this day have I begotten thee? And again, I will be to him a Father, and he shall be to me a Son?
6 And again, when he bringeth in the firstbegotten into the world, he saith, And let all the angels of God worship him.
7 And of the angels he saith, Who maketh his angels spirits, and his ministers a flame of fire.
8 But unto the Son he saith, Thy throne, O God, is for ever and ever: a sceptre of righteousness is the sceptre of thy kingdom.
9 Thou hast loved righteousness, and hated iniquity; therefore God, even thy God, hath anointed thee with the oil of gladness above thy fellows.
10 And, Thou, Lord, in the beginning hast laid the foundation of the earth; and the heavens are the works of thine hands:
11 They shall perish; but thou remainest; and they all shall wax old as doth a garment;
12 And as a vesture shalt thou fold them up, and they shall be changed: but thou art the same, and thy years shall not fail.
13 But to which of the angels said he at any time, Sit on my right hand, until I make thine enemies thy footstool?
14 Are they not all ministering spirits, sent forth to minister for them who shall be heirs of salvation?

It doesnt matter what you tell them. They have no honor in truth.

Awoon · Sep 22, 2011

Jesus was a messenger/angel.

Angels get mail.

dance-above · Sep 22, 2011

Read col 2:17-19

( WHY ) is Jesus called an "Angel" in the Bible and by the post-biblical Christian writers?

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