Is The Garden of Eden in The Rashaya Basin South, Lebanon?

Garden of Eden – Genesis ii, 8-14

And the Lord God planted a garden eastward in Eden; and there he put the man, whom he had formed. And out of the ground, made the Lord God to grow every tree that is pleasant to the sight and good for food... And a river (water course) went out of Eden to water the garden; and from whence it was parted (sluices), and became into four heads (irrigation channels). The name of the first is Pison...And the name of the second river (channel) is Gihon...And the name of the third river (channel) is Hiddekel; that is it which goeth towards the east of Assyria (text written after Assyria founded). And the fourth river (channel) is Euphrates.

• Note: names probably used for rivers much later.

2) The 4 heads of the Jordan
3) The Jordan and the Litani were the Pison and Gihon (both fit Eden / Kharsag's location)
4) All rivers were lost / changed in Rift Valley flooding or other events

5) The Litani and the Orontes the original 2 rivers of earlier texts.

The two rivers issue is quite separate, and this deals with the records of Gods (the Anannage Divine Council) dispensing justice and kingship from the head of the two rivers, mistakenly believed to be the Tigris and Euphrates, when in fact they are suggested to be the Litanni and the Orontes at Baalbek. This choice of this location following on in time, from Enlil’s Great House (E-kur) at Kharsag beneath Mt Hermon is also suggested as a source of the Genesis tale. Michael Heiser discusses below:

The Meeting Place of the Divine Council
In broad terms of ancient near eastern mythology, the divine council was considered to meet on a “cosmic mountain," that place where the gods lived, where heaven and earth intersected, divine decrees were given, kingship was exercised, and from which the cosmic waters of fertility flowed. At some point in the development of ancient near eastern religion, including those of the west semitic variety, the temple also became a cosmic center.
In Ugaritic mythology, El and his council met to govern the cosmos at the "sources of the two rivers," in the "midst of the fountains of the double-deep," located on the cosmic mountain associated with both physical and mythical peaks to the north of Ugarit . El's mountainous meeting place was also designated "the place of the assembled congregation." Baal's sacred mountain, Mount Tsaphan, was also a focal point of Ugaritic cosmic geography, as indicated by the characterization of a list of deities as "the gods of Tsaphan," and a reference to the cultic "feasts of Tsaphan." Baal's mountain is also called a "pleasant place" which is "garden language" used in biblical texts of Eden and Edenic locations.

In connection with convening on the cosmic mountain at the crossroads of heaven and earth, El and his council issued divine decrees from the “tents of El” and the "domed tent” of El. At least one text also presents the divine mountain in parallel with the divine tent. That El would be described as living in a tent is no surprise, for in the Keret Epic, the gods live in "tents" and "tabernacles." Other important vocabulary for El's dwelling at Ugarit include "house" and "temple." El is at times alone in these places, and the gods come to his abode to seek various decisions and permissions, while at other times he is pictured with his assembly.

Most of the above vocabulary is also used in the Hebrew Bible. The location of the cosmic centered migrated in the Hebrew Bible, beginning with the garden of Eden, then moving to Mount Sinai, and then on to Mount Zion. The cosmic center was also, in some sense, even more fluid, since it was apparently considered to be located wherever God was active. The most familiar example would be the theophany associated with the regular movement of the Tabernacle / Tent of Meeting, but the "stairway to heaven" in Jacob's dream of Genesis 28 must also be included. Jacob refers to the location where he saw the "angels of Elohim / God" ascending and descending on the divine stairway as the "house of God" and the "gate of heaven" (28:16-17), and summarily names the place "Beth-El; "house of El". The association of Bethel with the activity of God and various members of his divine council is confirmed in Genesis 35. Bethel was apparently the place where the divine council held court, for not only did Jacob see Yahweh at the top of the stairway and the messenger Myk)lm (mal)akim) going about their business (28:12), but Genesis 35:7 (note the plural verb) tells us that the plural elohim of the council appeared to him also.

All of these cosmic centers where Israel's God was considered to dwell, issue decrees, and reign in kingship share the same descriptive vocabulary noted above. For example, Yahweh's sanctuary is on a mountain, Mount Zion (Psa. 48:1-2) which is located in the "heights of the north (Hebrew, Tsaphon)," the ("heights of the north") or on a "very high mountain" (Eze. 40:2). The "height of Zion" is referred to as a "well-watered garden" (Jer. 31:12; Isa. 33:20-22). The mountain of Yahweh is also called the "mount of assembly", again located in the, "heights of the north"; Isa. 14:13). Within the confines of divine assembly's meeting place in Israelite religion, one finds that the council head sits on a throne that is connected to Zion.2 Yahweh's "mount of inheritance" is the home of his throne (Exodus 15:16-18), which is guarded by seraphim; Isa. 6 and cherubim; Ezekiel 1,10. The language is quite similar to the dwellings of the Canaanite gods Mot and Kothar, which are each referred to as "the throne where he sits, the land of his heritage."

A tradition preserved in Ezekiel 28:13-16 equates the "mountain of God" with Eden, the "garden of God," thereby linking the cosmic imagery used for the cosmic mountains of El and Baal at Ugarit. The description of Eden in Genesis 2:6-15 makes use of ancient near eastern cosmic mountain motifs. The presence of the "ground flow" that "watered the entire face of the earth" and the four headstreams that derived from the ground flow and "the river" flowing out of Eden have all been considered by scholars as parallel to the paradise language of the watery dwelling place of El.5 Ezekiel 47:1-12, Zechariah 14:8, and Joel 3:18 (Hebrew, 4:18) all describe the "fertilizing waters" flowing from the temple of God in Jerusalem, Mount Zion, the divine mountain. All of these references to Mount Zion are rooted in the tradition of a sacred mountain in the north, Tsaphan of Syria. Additionally, just as the cosmic paradise of Eden is linked to Zion by the prophets, Mount Sinai, the "mountain of God" e.g., Exo. 3:1; 4. See also Clifford, "Tent of Meeting," 207. Mullen argues that the winged creatures/ seraphim are council members, and in his book he notes that such fiery (cf. the root for the seraphim) messengers are mere emissaries to the council at Ugarit. The major study in regard to the hierarchy of divine beings is that of Lowell Handy, Among the Host of Heaven. Handy argues that the seraphim at Ugarit and in the Hebrew Bible are only messenger "gods" (a term appropriate only for a polytheistic context), had no independent personal volition, were clearly a sub-class (even in Jewish tradition), and were most likely the "security guards" of the heavenly throne room where the council met. They are thus only servants of the council membership and its head, not members.

My own position is that the whole heavenly host constitutes the divine council (cf. I Kings 22:19) but that there was a strict hierarchical arrangement within the council. For the two rivers of El's mountain and the four waterways of Genesis 2, see Clifford, Cosmic Mountain.
The cosmic center prior to the construction of the Tabernacle and the Temple. Yahweh came upon a "chariot of cloud (anan)" at Sinai, a familiar motif associated with God at Sinai and then also his presence at the Tent of Meeting, the Tabernacle, and the Temple.6 At Ugarit (anan was a divine messenger, not just a vaporous cloud." In Habakkuk 3, one of the so-called "march from the South" passages concerning Yahweh's geographical origins, Yahweh marches to Sinai with his heavenly retinue, which, as has already been noted, contains the names of other deities.

Sinai was also the place where Moses, Aaron, Nadab, Abihu, and the seventy elders of Israel saw God and feasted with him (Exodus 24). The description of this banquet includes the observation that under God's feet was a paved construction of "sapphire stone" (likely lapis lazuli), "like the heavens for clearness." In Baal's palace in Tsaphan, there were also paved bricks that made Ball's house "a house of the clearness of lapis lazuli." Most often Sinai is the place from which divine decrees are issued. Ugaritic El often dispenses his decrees with his assembly present. Yahweh likewise gives the law to Israel at Sinai in the presence of his heavenly host (Deut. 33:1-2; Psalm 68:15-17 [Hebrew 16-18]).

The "domed tent" of El at Ugarit evokes the imagery of the Tent of Meeting and the Tabernacle.7 Moses is told to construct the Tabernacle and its equipment according to the pattern shown him on the holy mountain by God (Exodus 26:30; cf. 25:9,40). The Tabernacle on earth is to be a copy of the heavenly tent in accord with the religious principle of "as in heaven, so on earth." As Clifford notes, "the similarity in form between the earthly dwelling of the god and its heavenly prototype brings about the presence of the deity." Israel's tent is the counterpart of the divine "houses" on the well-watered mountain dwelling of El and the meeting place of the divine council. As noted previously, in the Keret Epic, the gods and "the circle [pantheon] of El" lived in "tents") and "tabernacles." El issued his decrees from his tent, as the tent of Israel was the place God dispensed oracles for his people (Exodus 33:7-11; Numbers 11:16-30). In Israel the Tent of Meeting and the Tabernacle were overshadowed by a cloud, which scholars take as a demythologization of a divine messenger (whose name was "Cloud") to the gods in council at Ugarit. In addition, Israel's tabernacle had a court, the chatsir. Baal's house had a chatsir as well, but Baal coveted the temple that other gods had. The above tent motifs are also transferred to Mount Zion. According to Psalm 76:2-3 and other texts, Yahweh's tent-dwelling is on Zion. Moreover, Zion is Yahweh's "tent" in Isaiah 33:20 and other passages.

Now onto early agriculture, although there are some hunter-gatherer caves, I am unaware of any scientific, archaoelogical evidence of intensive agriculture spreading in the Persian Gulf area prior to the "hiatus palestinien" around 6,500-6,000 B.C. This also somewhat contradicts with the Anatolia evidence about Wolfgang Haak of the Molecular Archaeology Group of Johannes Gutenberg University's DNA genetic analysis studies published in Science Magazine 2005 which is all based on theory, not actual dug-up evidence. Don't think you can get away with magical wand of scientific DNA dogma before we examine the hard evidence with it. Haak has proved diffusion from the Near East as a pose to independant European development, which fully supports the "Kharsag Thesis", but no specific locations and many further questions from such a limited sample. Haak's latest press release, now moved to The University of Adelaide on November 10th, 2010 has reduced "Turkey" to the "Ancient Near East" and included "other countries" so again does not dispute the "Kharsag Thesis" -

A detailed genetic study of one of the first farming communities in Europe, from central Germany, reveals marked similarities with populations living in the Ancient Near East (modern-day Turkey, Iraq and other countries) rather than those from Europe.

My cites are clearly mention a mountainous location as the first settlement. The archaeological ones are mostly about Jericho, Tell's Aswad, Abu-Hureyra, Gilgal I, and according to my latest research also include Tell Ramad, Jerf el Ahmar and Tell Halula. These are some of the closest known sites to Eden (Kharsag/Rashaya).

Tell Abu Hureyra has EVIDENCE of cultivated Rye at 9,050 B.C. on Wikipedia, so I do not understand why you question my statement, if you are questioning and not just mud-slinging.

Wiki says: Evidence has been found for cultivation of rye from 11,050 BP (9,050 B.C.). It has been suggested that drier climate conditions resulting from the beginning of the Younger Dryas caused wild cereals to become scarce, leading people to begin cultivation as a means of securing a food supply. Results of recent analysis of the rye grains from this level suggest that they may actually have been domesticated during the EpiPalaeolithic. It is speculated that the permanent population was fewer than 200 individuals. These individuals occupied several tens of square kilometers. From this land, they harvested wood, made charcoal, and may have cultivated cereals and grains for food and fuel.

Read original reports such as those by Hillman and Legge.

Now we get on to my most interesting latest research - Tell Aswad. This is the closest archaeological site with agriculture that I can find near Mount Hermon, just over the Syrian border from Eden / Kharsag. I have had to investigate much deeper into Danielle Stordeur's recent excavations in 2001-2007 which I have found a summary of, but further work seems ongoing at the Museum of Damascus. This is a French translation I have made tonight of the latest summary I can find:

Resumption of the excavation of a site's central Levant: Tell Aswad (2001-2007)
First results:

Review the table of the Neolithic.
One of the three facies known to Horizon PPNA (between 9500 and 8700 cal BC) has been abolished as a result of this work: the Aswadian.

Site Chronology
Horizon PPNB former (8700-8200 cal BC or 9500-9200 BP); PPNB average (8200-7500 cal BC or 9200-8500 BP); PPNB (8200-7500 cal BC or 9200-8500 BP) and "Early Neolithic Byblos

Architecture
Two technical phases. Early phase: massive earth architecture. Middle phase: appearance of bricks.
Round houses, elliptical or polygonal, partly buried or laid. The orientation of the openings is most often in the East.

Village space
Terraces attested edge of village.
At the eastern margin of the built up area, highlighting periods of regression of the constructed area, with ruins occupied by the stalls, various crafts and discharge areas.

Burial practices
The remains of Tell Aswad funeral, staggered from the beginning to the end of PPNB, very numerous and well preserved (more than a hundred individuals), clearly located in specific contexts, are an exceptional documentation. In levels corresponding to early and middle PPNB deaths are associated with individual dwellings. They are grouped into areas when moving funeral PPNB Middle PPNB. Several area funeral overlap at the edge of the built up area of the village, they are based by deposits of skulls overmodeled. Overmodeled nine skulls were found in two successive areas at the base of collective graves.
Since 2001: Synthesis and theoretical propositions

Of the first villages to cities first
Research on the evolution of the organization of cities. Consideration of the order of appearance of various elements: building materials, plans organized, collective work attested since the Neolithic.

Chronocultural Aires
Determination of cultural areas in the northern Levant at the beginning of the Neolithic between 9500 to 8000 Cal BC. A multidisciplinary approach to Jerf el Ahmar have contributed to the explosion of knowledge about the northern Levant Neolithic following dam construction (along with Göbekli Anatolia, Halula dja'de and Syria).
- Highlighting a phase transition-PPNB PPNA in northern Levant.
- Problem of the central Levant. The central Levant is little documented recent prehistory. Tell Aswad, whatever the phase is very close culturally southern Levant. This weakens the notion of central Levant.
Problem-PPNB in southern Levant. Tell Aswad help inform the difficult problem of the "Horizon PPNB old", yet clearly defined only in the northern Levant.

Work in progress

Excavations at Tell Aswad
Closure in 2007 to limit a body of data already extremely rich, the only condition to be able to control their release in a timely manner.

Search
Continued research topics on the Neolithic of the Near East.
Orchestration interdisciplinary research.

Publications in preparation

D. Stordeur (Ed) Tell Aswad - In preparation

This is really exciting stuff. When collated with the considerable quantity of plant remains by H. de Contenson over thirty years ago. So far the new results confirm cultivated Fig and Flax found by W. van Zeist. Her conclusion of an "explosion of knowledge" in the PPNB stage from 8,200 B.C. exactly matchest O'Brien's suggested date for the arrival of the Annanage, which somehow doesn't suprise me. Her evidence has confirmed the likelihood of the Northern Levant for this rapid expansion of our development and wild emmer grain sizes seem to have jumped.

It is this PPNB "explosion" exactly supports my statements that it caused the start of domestication shown by things like a diachronic increase in grain size for einkorn and barley has been identified between early and late levels of Jerf el Ahmar. This change appears to result from the introduction of larger grained varieties. This, along with the Gilgal I figs would support the "Kharsag Thesis" that domestication from flax, wild emmer and other grains began in the Northern Levant. The pictures and on-the-ground evidence from the Rashaya Basin now urgently require further work and examination. I will also be keeping an eye on Danielle Stordeur's future work.

I am expecting a peer review of the selection of Nippur Tablets in question due to their position as humanity's oldest religious texts. I consider this a highly important area of further research for our race! This attitude "Who cares about what our earliest religious document says" is at the core of so many misunderstandings I won't begin to name.

I write Wikipedia outhouse, read the discussion pages about O'Brien and Kharsag to get a clear picture why verifialbe evidence isn't there - because NO-ONE dare review his thesis! You can go and read my newest pages on Tell Ramad and Tell Aswad (Wiki them) - created this week to improve your understanding, Ramad has 5 types of wheat, all under the foot of Mount Hermon at 8,200 B.C., if Wikipedia is the only way you get knowledge, I'm fighting the cherubim and flaming swords to get it there for you! Dare to look further and read the latest archaeology of the nearest sites and you'll find it all supporting.

I am still not getting any questions from you outhouse, or replies to mine

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this is a debate not a question and answer session.

you have not, because you cannot refute my post.

I have already been through all your post at other sites and know your tactics, there very weak historicly and thats why anyone with any real knowledge shoots you down instantly

with further hard evidence

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thast your problem, you have no hard evidence not even soft evidence. YOU only have assumptions and lost of it

Incidentally, Ramy and I are not operating Eden Tourism for profit

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says you

Secondly, sorry if you question my credibility, and if I am not 100% conclusive on certain subjects

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thast fine you admit your not credible

I consider The Bible, myths and stories can speak on many levels

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true

Genesis was a composite story intended to relate historical events at both the leap forward at Sumer and the leap forward in the PPNB Northern Levant

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blatantly false,,,, genesis has nothing to do with sumer or northern levant, this is your imagination ONLY. when you maek statements like this you need to back them. YOU CANNOT.

now genesis is a composite piece

IT WAS NOT written as a historical story to explain events. that is only youir imagination

One key argument for Eden / Kharsag

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you really love to ruin wording for your benifit

the 4 rivers are a key arguement against kharsag, NOT FOR IT

there is no river there. you have no connection to the bibles story of eden

The Genesis texts are believed to have been compiled from earlier material between 850 BC and 550 BC

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almost right, some text go back to 1000BC

The Genesis texts are believed to have been compiled from earlier material between 850 BC and 550 BC under the supervision of Ezra in exile in Babylonia, in order to replace the sacred books lost in the destruction of the Jerusalem temple. This was to be translated again into Greek at Alexandria c. 250 BC under Ptolemy Philadelphus, to form the most important Septuagint Bible, the basis for later English translations. Seventy two Jewish elders had all remembered the Ezra version by heart and dictated it independently word for word in separate rooms to Ptolemy’s Greek scribes.

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and not one word above has ant bearing on your fantasy

• Note: names probably used for rivers much later.

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this is hostory jack, there is no probably when looking for historical accuracy

again your guessing your way through fantasy land

(both fit Eden / Kharsag's location)

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only by imagination

again you need to prove your facts, you cannot

All rivers were lost / changed in Rift Valley flooding or other events

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speculation

The 4 heads of the Jordan

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by imagination ONLY

I am expecting a peer review of the selection of Nippur Tablets in question due to their position as humanity's oldest religious texts. I consider this a highly important area of further research for our race

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history is important to our race. Thats why you tick me off!, because your trashing it to meet your own personal fantasy that is going nowhere

I write Wikipedia outhouse

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THATS YOUR PROBLEM you would be kicked out of any college history class for that behavior

something that is not allowed for a simple college course yet for you trying to rewrite important history,,, this kind of bottom sucking attempt at history is suddenly acceptable???? NO it is not.

O'Brien's suggested

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HE IS A KNOWN QUACK he has written a few things right, that does not exuse the majority of his horrible assumptions and and poor attempts at imagination.



now start refuting with short clear historical points, you dont need to set me up with paragraphs of history i know.

dodging and going around facts as well as ignoring them does not address my points that show your imagination and fantasy

Ive read this copy paste stuff above in your threads that head dived into a pool with no water.

Michael Heiser discusses below:

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WHY IS IT YOUR ONLY SOURCES, ARE FROM KNOWN QUACK'S!

Mike's other academic interests include the paranormal and the occult

. He is best known for his critique of the ancient astronaut theories of Zecharia Sitchin and his paranormal thriller, The Facade, which intertwines many of his interests. He maintains two blogs devoted to these interests:

outhouse said:

WHY IS IT YOUR ONLY SOURCES, ARE FROM KNOWN QUACK'S!

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If I had a nickel for every time I thought this about someone, I'd put all of the nickels in a sock and beat myself unconscious with it.

Meow Mix said:

If I had a nickel for every time I thought this about someone, I'd put all of the nickels in a sock and beat myself unconscious with it.

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LOL

Ah but sadly, I bet you were not wrong!

I'll be pleased to enlighten you some more with further reading material for discussion.

I must add that Michael Heiser's "Stitchin Is Wrong" website hardly denotes him as a quack - rather denouncer of quacks if you read his very comprehensive demolition of Stitchin's Niburu and Alien theories.

To re-cap the suggested "Kharsag Thesis" here, in a more concise format, which might help it get understood:

1. There was a famous settlement known as Eden / Kharsag that I suggest was in this basin, near modern Rashaya El-Wadi , Lebanon. This got written about, along with the people who lived there (often confused with "Gods") in certain ancient literature (the older the text, the more obvious).

2. This settlement is suggested to be the Origin of Agriculture / the earliest and largest central site of the Neolithic Revolution in the Central Levant. (PPNB "Explosion of knowledge" that triggered the Agricultural Revolution where we started domestication of plants). It was destroyed in the "Hiatus Pallestinen" or "Flood", recorded in the Rift Valley area before people moved East to Sumer.

3. Christian O'Brien mapped out this place from various sources in 1985 and died 2001 before his theory could be peer reviewed, Edmund Marriage matched the features with satellite imagery in 2006 and I field-walked the site in 2009 with a friend to get photos and videos on the ground and a survey map. We found features matching this PPNB stage - 1 mille Great Watercourse cut through limestone bedrock same specs as Jericho's ditch, house structures facing East like Tell Aswad, limestone plaster, dykes, wells, dam and reservoir, Great House site, flooding phenomena, etc. The suggested site of Eden / Kharsag's Great House was in immediate danger from modern construction.

4. I've studied all the sources, religious and scientific for about 4 years now, have no counter-evidence and enough faith in the core of this thesis to condense it as much as possible to raise awareness and Eden from further destruction. I consider the world got fooled into believing Eden was a magical place, lost under the Persian gulf, or the area around where no agriculture existed until after Kharsag was destroyed and Catal Hoyuk was a cultivated farmyard. I figure helping people understand this and conserve the site for our heritage can only help our world and science move forward.

Hope it's easier to digest that way. Let me know your thoughts.

paygan said:

I'll be pleased to enlighten you some more with further reading material for discussion.

I must add that Michael Heiser's "Stitchin Is Wrong" website hardly denotes him as a quack - rather denouncer of quacks if you read his very comprehensive demolition of Stitchin's Niburu and Alien theories.

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i like the fact he denounces others who are also quacks.

but he only does so to promote his work because its so far out there

I can now use links and images to expand here, so please find the key images below along with an extensive list of sources.

Overhanging bridge over cave / sinkhole area, alligned to Mount Hermon, the suggested origin of the "World Mountain" myth. -


Panorama of Eden / Kharsag -


Panorama of Eden / Kharsag flooded in 2006 -


Sinkhole section of Great Watercourse showing similar 9m x 3m dimensions and Natufian style as Jericho / Tell Es-Sultan -


Exposed sides of the Great Watercourse showing thousands of years of water flow erosion -


Same exposed sections and remains of Great Watercourse leading back to the village of Kfar Qooq, approximately 9 metres wide -


One of various oval structures with limestone plaster floor to the North of the Watercourse. Suggested as houses by O'Brien


Below pictures of the suggested site of The (Enlil's) Great House of Kharsag / Eden - of prime archaeological importance that is in danger from the bulldozers and construction in the basin. I recovered limestone plaster from this area, and it seems to have a level, limestone plaster floor and is in imminent danger of being built on -

Map of the suggested route of the underground channel we found linking Kharsag / Eden to the Hasbani River


On our last day there we discovered the reservoir area East of Kfar Qooq - this view looks down through the reservoir O'Brien claimed would have held 600 million gallons at capacity - into the Rashaya Basin -




All comments most welcome, especially from trained eyes!

Below are full texts of the ancient texts concerned, along with all the supporting sources showing the suggested Eden site from some of the world's top minds.

Sources:


Primary Source -


O'Brien, C.A.E. & O'Brien B.J., 1985, The Genius of The Few, Wellingborough. ISBN 0-9466-0417-7 (Revised edition by Dianthus Publishing 1999) http://www.goldenageproject.org.uk/genius.php


Ancient Text Sources -


Miscellaneous Babylonian Inscriptions by George A. Barton, 1918, Yale University Press - http://www.archive.org/stream/miscellaneousbab00bartuoft/miscellaneousbab00bartuoft_djvu.txt

Kharsag Epic No 1: The Arrival of the Anannage – Tablet No. 14005 - A - Christian O'Brien Translation - http://www.goldenageproject.org.uk/593.php

W.G. Lambert and A.R. Millard, Atra-hasis: The Babylonian Story of the Flood. ( Oxford, 1969) - http://www.livius.org/as-at/atrahasis/atrahasis.html#Insurrection_of_the_Lower_Gods (the link is an adaptation of the B.R. Foster translation as I couldn't find Millard's text online -Tablet 1 is most pertinent)

Charles, R.H, The Book of Enoch 2 / The Book of the Secrets of Enoch Filiquarian Publishing, LLC., 2006 - http://www.sacred-texts.com/bib/fbe/index.htm#section_002

Burkitt, F.C., Jewish and Christian Apocalypses (London, 1914)

Ball, C.J., The Book of Genesis: Critical Edition of the Hebrew Text (Leibzig, 1896)

Holladay, William L., Concise Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament (Leiden, 1971)

Liddell and Scott, Greek - English Lexicon (Oxford, 1980)

Rabin, Chaim, Studies in the Bible (Jerusalem, 1961)

Rowley, H.H. (ed.) The Old Testament and Modern Study (Oxford, 1951)

The Torah: the Five Books of Moses (Philadelphia, 1962)

Larousse, World Mythology (France, 1963)

Grey, Dr. Louis Herbert (ed.) The Mythology of All Races (Thirteen Volumes) (Marshall Jones Company, Boston, 1920-1934)

Kramer S.N. 1963. The Sumerians: Their History, Culture, and Character. University of Chicago, USA.

Kramer S.N. 1981. History Begins at Sumer: Thirty-Nine "Firsts" in Recorded History: University of Philadelphia Press, USA.

Kramer S.N.1963. Sumerian Mythology: Study of Spiritual and Literary Achievement in the Third Millennium B.C: University of Pennsylvania Press, USA.

Barton, George A., The Origin and Development of Babylonian Writing, (Leibzig, 1896)

Cheira, E., Sumerian Religious Texts (Chicago, 1929)

Fossey, Charles, Dictionnaire Sumerien (Paris, 1907)

Gadd, S.J., Sumerian Reader (Oxford, 1924)

Langdon, S.H., Sumerian Grammar (Paris, 1912)

Marcus, David., A Manual of Akkadian (New York, 1978)

Nies, James B., Dynasty Tablets (Leibzig, 1920)

Prince, J. Dyneley, Materials for a Sumerian Lexicon (Leibzig, 1905)


Origin of Agriculture Sources


Tracing the Origin and Spread of Agriculture in Europe 2005: Ron Pinhasi, Joaquim Fort, Albert J. Ammerman PLoS biology 2005;3(12):e410

Kislev, Mordechai E.; Hartmann, Anat & Bar-Yosef, Ofer (2006a): Early Domesticated Fig in the Jordan Valley. Science 312(5778): 1372. doi:10.1126/science.1125910 (HTML abstract)
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/suppl/2006/06/01/312.5778.1372.DC1.full

Lev-Yadun, Simcha; Ne'eman, Gidi; Abbo, Shahal & Flaishman, Moshe A. (2006): Comment on "Early Domesticated Fig in the Jordan Valley". Science 314(5806): 1683a. doi:10.1126/science.1132636 PDF fulltext http://www.sciencemag.org/content/314/5806/1683.1.full.pdf
Peake, H. 1928 The Origins of Agriculture, UK.

Perry, W.J. 1926 Growth of Civilisation, UK.

Harris D. (ed.), 1999 The Origins and Spread of Agriculture and Pastoralism in Eurasia. UCL Press, UK.

Zohary, D. and M. Hopf. 1994 The origin and spread of cultivated plants in West Asia, Europe, and the Nile valley. Domestication of plants in the Old World, 2nd ed. Oxford Univ. Press, New York.

Hillman, G 1996 Late Pleistone changes in wild plant-foods available to hunter gatherers of the Northern Fertile Crescent: possible preludes to cereal cultivation in D. Harris (ed.), The origins and spread of agriculture and pastoralism in Eurasia, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C.

Zohary, D. 1999 Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 46: 133-142. Monophyletic vs. polyphyletic origin of the crops on which agriculture was founded in the Near East.

Gagne, S. E. 2006. (rev.), The Energetics of Food, Inner Traditions International, Rochester http://www.goldenageproject.org.uk/965.php

Postgate, J.N. 1994. Early Mesopotamia: Society & Economy at the Dawn of History, UK Routledge.

Maisels, C.K. 1993. The Emergence of Civilisation: UK Routledge.

Fagan, Brian.M. 1990. The Journey From Eden, UK: Thames & Hudson. See Ch16, pp216-225

Wenke, Robert.J. 1990. Patterns in Prehistory, UK:Oxford University Press

Clutton-Brock, J. 1989. The Walking Larder, UK:Unwin Hyman. Ch.14, pp127-155.

Nissen, Hans.J. 1988. The Early History of the Ancient Near East, 9000-2000 B.C. USA: Chicago University Press

Clark, Graham. 1977. World Prehistory in New Perspective, UK: Cambridge University Press. See Ch2, pp39-94, Ch5, pp227-242

Mortensen, P., "On the Chronology of Early Farming Communities in Northern Iraq", Sumer, 18 (1962)


Nearby Archaeological Sources


Kenyon, K.M., Excavations at Jericho (London, 1960)

Kenyon, K.M., Archaeology in the Holy Land (France, 1970)

Stordeur, Daneille - Recherches sur le Levant central/sud : Premiers résultat - http://www.archeorient.mom.fr/FICHES/fiches_actuelles/STORDEUR.html

de Contenson, H., 1967. Troisiéme campagne á Tell ramad 1966: rapport préliminaire. Annales Archéologiques de Syria XVII (1–2), 17–24.


I mention the 2 above, whcih have resulted in the Tell Aswad and Tell Ramad Wikipedia entries following previous discussion on this forum. I hope this will give enough non-quacky sources for your reading list to improve your understanding.

WHOA, HOLD YOUR HORSES ONE SECOND you used this same paste cut garbage in all the forums you spam

1. There was a famous settlement known as Eden / Kharsag

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STOP you are wrong right there in your first sentance.

you have no clue if eden is even non-mythological

This got written about, along with the people who lived there (often confused with "Gods") in certain ancient literature (the older the text, the more obvious).

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then show the written material and how it relates to that area.

then show that the sumerian legend for fact is the same material found in genesis, now you cant do that because eden in genesis very well could be anywhere from %95-%100 fiction.

You havent shown a clue you know anything about genesis and that is where eden originates, you are using imagination to tie it into reality.

show us why we should believe your magical rope

2. This settlement is suggested to be the Origin of Agriculture

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who suggest it???

why isnt it in wiki???

It was destroyed in the "Hiatus Pallestinen" or "Flood", recorded in the Rift Valley area before people moved East to Sumer.

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I dont see a flood could destroy anything in the hilly lands your pictures show

It was destroyed in the "Hiatus Pallestinen" or "Flood", recorded in the Rift Valley area before people moved East to Sumer.

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prove it, word are cheap.

3. Christian O'Brien mapped out this place from various sources in 1985 and died 2001 before his theory could be peer reviewed

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he was a quack and his work would never pass

1 mille Great Watercourse cut through limestone bedrock same specs as Jericho's ditch, house structures facing East like Tell Aswad, limestone plaster, dykes, wells, dam and reservoir, Great House site, flooding phenomena, etc. The suggested site of Eden / Kharsag's Great House was in immediate danger from modern construction.

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ive seen your pictures, its mostly imagination based on a few possible ancient remnents.

I've studied all the sources, religious and scientific for about 4 years now

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you better get back and study for a few decades at this rate because 4 years has only developed your imagination.

I figure helping people understand this and conserve the site for our heritage can only help our world and science move forward.

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bull pucky

you have another motive

thats not a sinkhole




all i see is imagination with no real backing of anything that would indicate your fantasy is real

Whoa, you read all those sources in 6 minutes?

building of life

building of knowledge


dude are your a joke?????

every website people tell you the same thing as I do, you dont get it. Your spam wont fly here or anywhere else.

reservoir

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I see nothing of the sort


I have a strong geologic background, you are dreaming on so many levels