MATTHEW xxvii.:-
Ver. 46: And about the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying Eli! Eli! Lama sabachtani? that is to say, My God! My God! why hast thou forsaken me?
Ver. 47: Some of them that stood there, when they heard that, said, This man calleth for Elias.
Ver. 48: And straightway one of them ran, and took a sponge, and filled it with vinegar, and put it on a reed, and gave him to drink.
Ver. 49: The rest said, Let be, let us see whether Elias will come to save him.
Ver. 50: Jesus, when he had cried again with a loud voice, yielded up the ghost.
MARK xv.:-
Ver. 34: And at the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying, Eloi! Eloi! Lama sabachthani? which is, being interpreted, My God! my God! why hast thou forsaken me?
Ver. 35: And some of them that stood by, when they heard it, said, Behold he calleth Elias.
Ver. 36: And one ran and filled a sponge full of vinegar, and put it on a reed, and gave him to drink, saying, Let alone, let us see whether Elias will come to take him down.
Ver. 37: And Jesus cried with a loud voice, and gave up the ghost.
LUKE xxiii.:-
Ver. 46: And when Jesus had cried with a loud voice, he said, Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit: and having said thus, he gave up the ghost.
JOHN xix.:-
Ver. 28: After this, Jesus knowing that all things were accomplished, that the scripture might be fulfilled, saith, I thirst.
Ver. 29: Now there was set a vessel full of vinegar; and they filled a sponge with vinegar, and put it upon hyssop and put it to his mouth.
Ver. 30: When Jesus therefore had received the vinegar, he said, It is finished: and he bowed his head, and gave up the ghost.
In Luke the sun is darkened from the sixth hour and the veil of the Temple rent at the ninth; in the other Synoptics the rending of the veil appears to occur later, while Matthew adds the
detail about the graves opening and the dead coming forth, and a great earthquake which rent rocks, and of which the other writers seem to be ignorant.
In John the women and the beloved disciple stand at the cross. In Luke all his acquaintances and the women stand afar off. In Mark we have also the women looking on afar off. In Matthew many women were there beholding afar off. The details concerning the women are also contradictory.
Matthew and Mark give the cry: Eli [Mark, Eloi] Eli! lama sabachthani? as the last articulate utterance; the other two know nothing about such a cry. It is to be noted that the cry as above is a quotation from Psalm xxii. 1.
Luke has a different cry: Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit. We have to note that it is almost a literal quotation from Psalm xxxi. 5 (Septuagint version).
John has a totally different cry: It is finished.
We have, in all, seven cries attributed to Jesus on the cross. With the exception of the first two Synoptics each Gospel ascribes different sayings; no two agree, and the statements of the one exclude the statements of the others.
The hearers are represented as misunderstanding the Aramaic cry Eli! Eli! saying: This man calleth on Elias (
Eliiahu). No Jew was likely to make any such mistake; the name of Elijah and the words of the psalm would be familiar to him. As for the Roman soldiers, they probably never heard of Elijah. The writers of the Gospels must also have been writing for readers who knew not Aramaic, for they give an interpretation. Besides, if his disciples forsook him and fled, as Matthew says, and his acquaintances and the women stood afar off, they would not hear any cry, so there was plenty of room for the play of the imagination. While, according to the fourth Gospel contradicting the others, the beloved disciple and some of the women stood by the cross, yet they never heard the desolate cry: My God! my God! why hast thou forsaken me?
Having gone over the Gospels, we have not yet exhausted our references. Justin Martyr, who suffered martyrdom about 166-167 CE., quoting from the Memoirs of the Apostles, in which he asserts is recorded everything that concerns our Saviour Jesus Christ, mentions the cry on the cross as : O God! My God! why hast thou forsaken me? Although he seemingly knows nothing of the Hebrew-Aramaic cry of Matthew and Mark, he also gives a second cry similar to that in Luke. He says:-
For when he was giving up his spirit on the cross, he said, Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit, as I have also learned from the Memoirs.
The Gospel of Nicodemus gives both cries. In the Greek versions we have the Luke form with variants:-
CODEX A:
And crying with a loud voice, Jesus said: Father, Baddach Ephkid rouchi that is, interpreted, Into thy hands I commend my spirit, and having said this he gave up the ghost.
CODEX B:
The Jesus having called out with a loud voice, Father, into Thy hands will I commend my spirit, expired.
The ancient Latin version also gives both cries.
The
Evan. Pet. (Gospel of Peter) gives: My power! My power! Thou hast forsaken me.
In the various texts of Matthew and Mark known to us the number of variants is surprising. (For a list see
Ency. Biblica, art. Eli! Eli.)