Deut. 32.8 said:
What on earth are you talking about?
The
Gospel of the Hebrews, probably similar to the
Gospel of Matthew, is a lost harmonic gospel that is preserved in the works of the Church Fathers. Possibly the most important ancient scholar was Eusebius. He was born in Palestine about 225 years after the crucifixion, later becoming Bishop of Caesarea. Many believe he is the greatest historian of the Christian faith, on a par with Josephus. He is best known for his Church History in which he chronicles the important events from the birth of Christ to his era.
At the time of Eusebius, there was no Bible, as we know it. However, there existed numerous Christian writings that recorded the life of Jesus. This corpus of literature had come into being during the 200 or so years after Christ. Eusebius catalogued these writings in his Church History. It is because of this catalogue that
we know of those early works (many of which were lost). His catalogue consisted of three sections:
According to the Church Fathers, the
Gospel of the Hebrews or the
Hebrew Gospel was authoritative and apostolic in nature.
Papius and Irenaeus tell us that the Apostle
Matthew wrote it in
Hebrew letters.
Eusebius adds that the reason
Matthew wrote the
Hebrew Gospel was that he was about to leave the Christian community he established, and therefore put together an account of the life of Jesus for the people he left behind in their own dialect (Aramaic).
Epiphanius confirms the aforementioned, and goes on to say that
Matthew alone of the New Testament writers composed a
Gospel in Hebrew script that was called
the Gospel of the Hebrews.
Some modern scholars contested this, arguing that Matthew also wrote the Canonical Matthean Gospel in Hebrew script. However, Higher Criticism has proven that the Canonical Matthean Gospel as recorded in the Bible was composed in Greek many years after the time of Matthew by an unknown redactor.
St. Jerome is most helpful in understanding the origins of the
Gospel of the Hebrews. According to Jerome, the
Gospel of the Hebrews was written in the Syriac language (Aramaic) but used
Hebrew letters. Most people of Jeromes day called it
Authentic Matthew, as the Apostle of Jesus who was the tax collector composed it. The
Hebrew original was preserved at the library in Caesarea, but copies existed in the
Nazarene community in Beroea, Syria, as well as in the
Ebionite community. The
Nazarenes gave Jerome a copy that he translated into Greek.
Jerome believed the
Gospel of the Hebrews was authoritative and wrote about it extensively, thus preserving an otherwise lost Gospel.