The processes of the sun are ongoing and occurring at all moments within and around itself. Anything that the sun does that gives off light is going on on its surface as well as within its mass. So, the light given off from the various reactions happening at all times within the sun are constantly bombarding every single inch of the sun itself with all of the various energies involved - including light (though as some have mentioned, perhaps not visible light at all points).
And then we can get into further technicalities - such as the idea that a solar flare is still part of "the sun" and is many times longer out into space than the Earth is wide. These gigantic (relative to us) tentacles of the sun are hit by even the outermost rays of light produced by the sun (those outbound rays we partake of that is). That is basically "the sun shining on itself." And vice-versa, some light still being given off by the flares is directed back at the majority mass of the sun.
And then we have the very minimal ways in which the sun shines on itself. For example - if you could take a vantage point from the sun itself, do you think you would be able to see a lit dot in the "sky" that was Earth, reflecting the sun's light back at itself? Or how about Mercury, which is far closer? Of course you would. The suns rays illuminating these planets would obviously be bouncing back enough light to be visible from the surface of the sun itself.
So there you go. Simple. Takes only moments to contemplate. You can't get away from it, even if I were 100% wrong about the inner reactions of the sun casting light energies all over the place.