Suppose that Cepheids are non-standard because they change by 1% (which is an over-estimate). How much does that affect the distance measurements?
Once again: "the use of Cepheids as standard candles to measure distances inside the Milky Way and the distances of comparatively nearby galaxies and galaxy clusters"
You keep trying the bait and switch. Two things in relative motion with each other see no change between each other or very little. This is why Einstein figured out that when a system K moves in relative motion with system K1, the laws of physics are the same for both systems. They are not moving at greatly varying velocities relative to one another, but both are moving with great velocity together......
No, it does NOT increase the velocity of a galaxy through space. It is the expansion of space itself. The galaxies are (close to) motionless in the frame of average expansion.
Accelerating expansion of the universe - Wikipedia
"The
accelerating expansion of the universe is the observation that the expansion of the universe is such that
the velocity at which a distant galaxy is receding from the observer is continuously increasing with time.
"
Even your experts do not agree with your interpretation... They are stationary with respect to the expansion, not that they have no velocity that is increasing. The expansion is increasing at an accelerating rate which cause their velocity to increase at an accelerating rate, just not with respect to the expansion itself.....
When dealing with Cephieds, the distances are small enough that any time dilation is irrelevant. it is only when going to distances correlated to supernova brightness that this is a relevant consideration.
Yes, those supernova that are not obeying any of the rules theory says they should???? Those supernova that are moving in relative motion with you?
Do you believe clocks on airplanes slow? Do you believe two airplanes flying side by side at the same relative velocity would see each others clocks slow? If you do, you would be wrong. They would each see the others clock tick at exactly the same rate as theirs since they were moving at the same relative velocity....
ALL GPS satellites have the same calculation for time dilation, because they are all moving at about the same relative motion with one another. They do not see each of the other satellites clocks as slow, just clocks on earth because they are moving at a different velocity than earth clocks..... If satellite A saw satellite B's clocks as slow, then after adjusting for time dilation satellite A would still see satellites B's clocks as slow since both have been adjusted at the same rate. Both see each other ticking at the same rate before adjustment and after adjustment, because both tick at the same rate due to their equal velocities....
Now, you claim that supernovas are not a valid standard candle. But once again, what is the variance? How much does that variance affect the actual distance measurements?
Irrelevant since they are within our local cluster and moving with relative motion to this frame......
Slow for whom? This is a crucial point: the clocks slow for anyone in motion with respect to the clocks. There is no standard phrame from which you can say all clocks are slowing.
Sure there is, just as you claim the universe expanded from an original hot dense point. They claim to be able to detect pour galaxies speed through space relative to the CMB due to the dipole. Because why? Because the expansion started from a small dense point in space.....
Why would there be 'no time change'? This isn't a matter of 'both ships being similarly affected' since there is no absolute frame to say this from. Each ship sees the clocks of the other as slower. This is for any two ships that are moving with re each other.
No they don't. The ships would see a frame not moving at their velocity as slower. Anything moving in relative motion with them (each ship) would see no change in the other ship...
Saying a ship is moving without saying what it is moving respect to is meaningless. Literally meaningless.
It doesn't matter what it is moving with respect to. Increases in velocity cause clocks to slow regardless if another observer is around to measure that change or even if no other object exists in the entire universe........
Why are you saying there is little or no change with respect to the other? That is precisely wrong. BOTH see the other as slower than themselves. Neither side is 'affected' in comparison to some absolute frame because *there is no absolute frame*.
NO!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Both would see the stationary twins clocks slow. Both would see each others clocks tick the same rate since they are moving at the same velocity..... You got no idea how time dilation works, this is abundantly clear....
They share the same frame of reference since they are co-moving together....
"
Special relativity indicates that, for an observer in an
inertial frame of reference, a clock that is moving relative to him will be measured to tick slower than a clock that is at rest in his frame of reference"
But let's get down to the nitty gritty shall we? Is the stationary frame in motion????? I'll give you a hint "stationary"....
So the stationary twins clocks do not slow at all, do they.... Only the twin in motions clocks slow. Hence Einsteins use of a stationary and moving twin to show it was changes in velocity that caused clocks to slow. Now we agree that the twin in motion "believes" the stationary twins clocks slow. He is totally wrong, proven by the fact when he returns it was his clocks which slowed, not the stationary twins clocks. The stationary twins clocks were never affected because of the other twins motion. The other twin simply can not perceive other frames correctly because of his motion. There is no paradox, just the simple fact that once in motion you can not perceive other frames correctly unless they are set in motion from your frame, and then only relative to your frame.... The only paradox that exists is the fact that you all have convinced yourself the stationary twin's clocks slow, and totally ignored he is stationary and so his clocks remained unaffected. that's the paradox....
Two ships moving at the same velocity would NOT see the other ships clocks tick slower, Both clocks on both ships are equally affected by time dilation due to their equal velocity. They would both slow the same amount..... Only in frames not moving in relative motion with respect to them (the stationary twin), would they see a "believed" slowing of clocks.
Neither ship can see any change in the others clock, because both clocks slow equally, unlike the stationary twin's clocks which didn't slow at all.....
The small variation between the speed of each galaxy is why the value is different, but each galaxy is affected equally because "
the velocity at which a distant galaxy is receding from the observer is continuously increasing with time."
And it wouldn't matter if another observer existed in the universe.... your clocks would still slow due to your increasing velocity..... You would simply have nothing to compare it to and so would have no theory of time dilation because you would never know your own clocks slow....
