simple you have stated that being a citizen guarantees that the government will recognize our civil rights which in your view are given to us as a birthright independent of citizenship. Now, of our civil rights the concept of liberty is certainly one. If one commits a crime however one can be imprisoned that is to say that the due process of the law comes into affect, this you have also suggested is a civil right, forgetting that in order to preempt citizenship civil rights must have existed before and independent of government. For you suggest that governments don't give us our civil rights; rather, governments recognize our civil rights. Thus, due process cannot be a civil right because it requires government and cannot exist independent of government. But back to liberty. assuming liberty could exist independent of government, one is still a citizen when they go to jail. Thus your claim that citizenship guarantees government will recognize Civil Rights goes out the window.
No, "birthright" is a different thing than "inalienable." A birthright is given. "Inalienable" is something that cannot be given or taken away--it's inherent of who we are.
"Liberty" is not a right. As I said earlier, due process is not the right to life, the right to liberty, or the right to property.
If one commits a crime, the government is obliged to imprison them. The 14th Amendment is about due process: it says that when you are arrested you have the right to an attorney and a day in court. It guarantees that the government will not take away "life, liberty or property" without due process. Regardless that you are imprisoned, your civil right of "having a right to a lawyer, and if you cannot afford one, one will be provided for you" is not lost. You still have it, even in jail.
Its "civil" face is in the protection of "you" by knowledgable representation within the system. Your right to be protected within the system is inalienable. Each of the civil rights reduces to something inalienable, as do the human rights. This doesn't mean they cannot be waived (voluntarily overlooked) or surrendered (sacrified to a greater cause), but even if you submit to the system they are there for you. They haven't really gone anywhere, and you can reassert them at any time.